Department of Anthropology, Genetic Anthropology and Biocultural Studies Laboratory, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
La Corporación Piñones Se Integra (COPI), Loíza, Puerto Rico.
Am J Biol Anthropol. 2023 Oct;182(2):194-209. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.24814. Epub 2023 Jul 31.
From an anthropological genetic perspective, little is known about the ethnogenesis of African descendants in Puerto Rico. Furthermore, historical interactions between Indigenous Caribbean and African descendant peoples that may be reflected in the ancestry of contemporary populations are understudied. Given this dearth of genetic research and the precedence for Afro-Indigenous interactions documented by historical, archeological, and other lines of evidence, we sought to assess the biogeographic origins of African descendant Puerto Ricans and to query the potential for Indigenous ancestry within this community.
Saliva samples were collected from 58 self-identified African descendant Puerto Ricans residing in Puerto Rico. We sequenced whole mitochondrial genomes and genotyped Y chromosome haplogroups for each male individual (n = 25). Summary statistics, comparative analyses, and network analysis were used to assess diversity and variation in haplogroup distribution between the sample and comparative populations.
As indicated by mitochondrial haplogroups, 66% had African, 5% had European, and 29% had Indigenous American matrilines. Along the Y chromosome, 52% had African, 28% had Western European, 16% had Eurasian, and, notably, 4% had Indigenous American patrilines. Both mitochondrial and Y chromosome haplogroup frequencies were significantly different from several comparative populations.
Biogeographic origins are consistent with historical accounts of African, Indigenous American, and European ancestry. However, this first report of Indigenous American paternal ancestry in Puerto Rico suggests distinctive features within African descendant communities on the island. Future studies expanding sampling and incorporating higher resolution genetic markers are necessary to more fully understand African descendant history in Puerto Rico.
从人类学遗传的角度来看，人们对波多黎各非洲裔后裔的种族形成知之甚少。此外，加勒比海原住民与非洲裔后裔之间的历史互动，这些互动可能反映在当代人群的祖先中，而这些互动在研究中却很少涉及。鉴于遗传研究的缺乏，以及历史、考古和其他证据所证明的非洲裔与原住民之间的互动先例，我们试图评估非洲裔波多黎各后裔的生物地理起源，并探究该群体中是否存在原住民血统。
从居住在波多黎各的 58 名自认为是非洲裔后裔的波多黎各人中采集唾液样本。我们对每个男性个体（n=25）进行了全线粒体基因组测序和 Y 染色体单倍群基因分型。使用摘要统计、比较分析和网络分析来评估样本和比较群体之间的单倍群分布多样性和变异性。
线粒体单倍群表明，66%的人具有非洲血统，5%的人具有欧洲血统，29%的人具有美洲原住民血统。在 Y 染色体上，52%的人具有非洲血统，28%的人具有西欧血统，16%的人具有欧亚血统，值得注意的是，4%的人具有美洲原住民血统。线粒体和 Y 染色体单倍群频率与几个比较群体显著不同。
生物地理起源与非洲、美洲原住民和欧洲血统的历史记载一致。然而，这是首次在波多黎各报告美洲原住民的父系血统，表明该岛非洲裔后裔社区具有独特的特征。未来的研究需要扩大样本量并纳入更高分辨率的遗传标记，以更全面地了解波多黎各的非洲裔历史。
