Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, 600117, Tamil Nadu, India.
Curr Drug Targets. 2023;24(11):857-869. doi: 10.2174/1389450124666230801094525.
Osteoporosis is one of the skeletal diseases of major health concern worldwide. Homeostasis of bone occurs with the help of cells, namely, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Physiological and pathological conditions involve the death of the cells by apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. Apoptosis is a key factor in the growth, development, and maintenance of the skeleton. Apoptosis is generated by two pathways: the intrinsic (mitochondria) and extrinsic (death receptor) pathways. Osteoblast apoptosis is governed by the factors like B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphoinositide- 3-kinase/ protein kinase B (PI3-K/Akt), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), and bone matrix protein. Cytokines interact with osteocytes and induce apoptosis. A pro-inflammatory signal stimulates osteocyte apoptosis and increases osteocyte cytokines production. Current therapies have adverse effects which limit their applications. Various plant metabolites have shown beneficial effects on bone. The present review converses about normal bone metabolism and the mechanism of apoptosis leading to bone deterioration. Furthermore, it discusses the role of plant metabolites on bone apoptosis with related indications of efficacy in various experimental models.
骨质疏松症是全球主要健康关注的骨骼疾病之一。骨骼的平衡是在细胞的帮助下实现的，这些细胞包括成骨细胞和破骨细胞。生理和病理条件涉及细胞通过细胞凋亡、自噬和坏死而死亡。细胞凋亡是骨骼生长、发育和维持的关键因素。细胞凋亡由两条途径产生：内在（线粒体）和外在（死亡受体）途径。成骨细胞凋亡受 B 细胞淋巴瘤 2（Bcl-2）家族蛋白、细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）、磷酸肌醇 3-激酶/蛋白激酶 B（PI3-K/Akt）、Janus 激酶 2（JAK2）、骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）和骨基质蛋白等因素的调控。细胞因子与骨细胞相互作用并诱导细胞凋亡。促炎信号刺激骨细胞凋亡并增加骨细胞细胞因子的产生。目前的治疗方法存在副作用，限制了它们的应用。各种植物代谢产物已显示出对骨骼的有益作用。本综述讨论了正常的骨骼代谢以及导致骨骼恶化的细胞凋亡机制。此外，它还讨论了植物代谢产物对骨细胞凋亡的作用，以及在各种实验模型中的相关疗效指征。
