Andrews F M, Spurgeon T L
Am J Vet Res. 1986 Aug;47(8):1843-52.
The histologic and histochemical staining characteristics of the triceps brachii (long head), extensor carpi radialis, gluteus medius, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles of 8 Thoroughbreds, 2 Quarter Horses, 1 Arabian, 1 Paso Fino, and 1 Shetland Pony are described. Muscle fiber morphology, staining distribution and intensity, amount of IM connective tissue, number of IM blood vessels and IM nerves, calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity (CaATPase), percentage of fibertype population, percentage of relative fibertype area, mean fiber diameter, nonspecific esterase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and acid phosphatase activity were evaluated, using 10 common histochemical and histologic stains. Two fiber types (I, II) and 3 subtypes (IIA, IIB, IIC) were observed, using CaATPase-, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide-tetrazolium reductase-, periodic acid-Schiff hematoxylin-, and nonspecific esterase-stained frozen serial muscle sections. Type I muscle fibers in general had low CaATPase activity, high oxidative capacity, low glycogen capacity, and low esterase activity. Type IIA muscle fibers had high CaATPase activity, intermediate oxidative capacity, high glycogen concentration, and high esterase activity. Type IIB fibers had high CaATPase activity, low oxidative capacity, high glycogen concentration, and a high esterase activity. Type IIC muscle fibers had high CaATPase activity, high oxidative capacity, variable glycogen concentration, and high esterase activity. Type II (IIA and IIB) muscle fibers predominated in the muscles. The percentage of muscle fiber population, mean minimal muscle fiber diameter, and percentage of relative muscle fiber area were determined for each sampled muscle. Type IIA and IIB muscle fibers predominated in the percentage of muscle fiber population and percentage of relative muscle fiber area. Type IIB muscle fibers had the greatest minimal fiber diameter, type IIA muscle fibers had intermediate minimal fiber diameter, and type I muscle fibers had the smallest minimal fiber diameter. The percentage of relative muscle fiber area was less variable (P less than or equal to 0.05) than the percentage of muscle fiber population. Mean muscle fiber diameter did not significantly differ between breeds. Alkaline and acid phosphatase activities were at low levels in all muscles biopsied and were limited to the IM connective tissue fibrocytes, macrophages, and capillaries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
描述了8匹纯种马、2匹夸特马、1匹阿拉伯马、1匹帕索· fino马和1匹设得兰矮种马的肱三头肌（长头）、桡侧腕伸肌、臀中肌、股外侧肌、股二头肌、半膜肌、半腱肌和趾长伸肌的组织学和组织化学染色特征。使用10种常见的组织化学和组织学染色方法，评估了肌纤维形态、染色分布和强度、肌内结缔组织量、肌内血管和神经数量、钙激活三磷酸腺苷酶活性（CaATPase）、纤维类型群体百分比、相对纤维类型面积百分比、平均纤维直径、非特异性酯酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性和酸性磷酸酶活性。使用CaATPase、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸四唑还原酶、高碘酸希夫苏木精和非特异性酯酶染色的冷冻连续肌肉切片，观察到两种纤维类型（I、II）和3个亚型（IIA、IIB、IIC）。一般来说，I型肌纤维CaATPase活性低、氧化能力高、糖原能力低、酯酶活性低。IIA型肌纤维CaATPase活性高、氧化能力中等、糖原浓度高、酯酶活性高。IIB型纤维CaATPase活性高、氧化能力低、糖原浓度高、酯酶活性高。IIC型肌纤维CaATPase活性高、氧化能力高、糖原浓度可变、酯酶活性高。II型（IIA和IIB）肌纤维在肌肉中占主导地位。测定了每个采样肌肉的肌纤维群体百分比、平均最小肌纤维直径和相对肌纤维面积百分比。IIA型和IIB型肌纤维在肌纤维群体百分比和相对肌纤维面积百分比中占主导地位。IIB型肌纤维的最小纤维直径最大，IIA型肌纤维的最小纤维直径中等，I型肌纤维的最小纤维直径最小。相对肌纤维面积百分比的变化小于肌纤维群体百分比（P小于或等于0.05）。不同品种之间的平均肌纤维直径没有显著差异。在所有活检肌肉中，碱性和酸性磷酸酶活性处于低水平，且仅限于肌内结缔组织中的纤维细胞、巨噬细胞和毛细血管。（摘要截断于400字）
