Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
CBS BioPlatforms Inc., Calgary, AB, T2C 0J7, Canada.
Poult Sci. 2023 Oct;102(10):102933. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102933. Epub 2023 Jul 17.
Growth performance, gizzard weight, ceca digesta short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and apparent retention (AR) of components were investigated in broilers and turkeys in response to cereal grain type, fiber level, and multienzyme supplement (MES) fed from hatch to 28 d of life. 480-day-old male broiler chicks and equal number of turkeys were placed separately in metabolism cages (10 birds/cage) and allocated to 8 diets. The species-specific diets were a corn or wheat-based basal diet without (LF) or with 10% corn DDGS or wheat middlings (HF) and fed without or with MES. This effectively created a 2 (grain types) × 2 (fiber levels) × 2 (MES) factorial arrangement of treatments. The diets had TiO as an indigestible marker. Body weight, feed intake, and mortalities were recorded to calculate body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Excreta samples were collected on d 25 to 27 for AR, and all birds were necropsied for gizzard weight and ceca digesta on d 28. The interaction between grain and MES in broilers was such that wheat diets with MES had the lowest (P = 0.005) FCR. In broilers, LF diets had better (P = 0.010) FCR than HF diets. The wheat diets had the highest (P = 0.006) concentration of butyric acid in broilers. Broilers fed HF and corn diets had heavier gizzard than broilers-fed LF and wheat diets. The MES improved (P < 0.05) AMEn in HF, corn, and wheat diets in broilers. The turkeys fed wheat diets had the lowest (P = 0.019) FCR. Turkeys fed HF wheat diets had the heaviest (P < 0.001) gizzard. In turkeys, the MES improved AMEn in HF and LF corn diets, and only in LF wheat diets compared to respective controls. Treatments had no effect on turkeys cecal SCFA. In conclusion, grain type, fiber, and MES did not affect growth in both species. However, species exhibited differing FCR, gizzard, and energy utilization to fiber and MES.
本研究旨在探讨谷物类型、纤维水平和复合酶制剂（MES）对肉鸡和火鸡生长性能、肌胃重、盲肠内容物短链脂肪酸（SCFA）和养分表观消化率（AR）的影响。试验选用 480 日龄雄性肉鸡和等量火鸡，分别置于代谢笼（每笼 10 只）中，采用 8 种日粮进行饲养，其中，2 种谷物（玉米或小麦）基础日粮，分别设纤维水平低（LF）或高（HF）组，且分别添加或不添加 MES。该试验设计为 2（谷物类型）×2（纤维水平）×2（MES）三因子完全随机试验。日粮中添加 TiO2 作为不消化标记物。试验期间记录肉鸡体重、采食量和死亡率，计算体重增重（BWG）和饲料转化率（FCR）。于第 25-27 天收集排泄物样品进行 AR 测定，第 28 天所有肉鸡进行屠宰，测定肌胃重和盲肠内容物 SCFA。结果表明：在肉鸡中，谷物与 MES 的互作效应表现为添加 MES 的小麦日粮具有最低的 FCR（P = 0.005）；低纤维水平日粮的 FCR 显著优于高纤维水平日粮（P = 0.010）；与 LF 日粮相比，HF 日粮显著提高了肉鸡盲肠中丁酸浓度（P = 0.006）；HF 日粮和玉米日粮组肉鸡的肌胃重显著高于 LF 日粮和小麦日粮组（P < 0.001）；MES 显著提高了 HF、玉米和小麦日粮肉鸡的代谢能（AME）（P < 0.05）。火鸡中，小麦日粮的 FCR 最低（P = 0.019）；HF 小麦日粮组火鸡的肌胃重最重（P < 0.001）；与对照相比，MES 提高了 HF 和 LF 玉米日粮及 LF 小麦日粮中火鸡的 AMEn（P < 0.05）。总之，本研究表明谷物类型、纤维和 MES 对两种禽类的生长性能没有影响。然而，不同禽类对纤维和 MES 的 FCR、肌胃重和能量利用率存在差异。
