Pan Chengwei, Zhang Yuzhi, Yan Jinxiao, Zhou Yidan, Wang Sijie, Liu Xiru, Zhang Pan, Yang Hui
School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, China; Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, 710021, China.
Environ Res. 2023 Nov 1;236(Pt 1):116800. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116800. Epub 2023 Jul 30.
Exposure to extreme environments causes specific acute and chronic physiological responses in humans. The adaptation and the physiological processes under extreme environments predominantly affect multiple functional systems of the organism, in particular, the immune system. Dysfunction of the immune system affected by several extreme environments (including hyperbaric environment, hypoxia, blast shock, microgravity, hypergravity, radiation exposure, and magnetic environment) has been observed from clinical macroscopic symptoms to intracorporal immune microenvironments. Therefore, simulated extreme conditions are engineered for verifying the main influenced characteristics and factors in the immune microenvironments. This review summarizes the responses of immune microenvironments to these extreme environments during in vivo or in vitro exposure, and the approaches of engineering simulated extreme environments in recent decades. The related microenvironment engineering, signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms, clinical therapy, and prevention strategies are also discussed.
暴露于极端环境会在人类身上引发特定的急性和慢性生理反应。极端环境下的适应过程和生理过程主要影响机体的多个功能系统，尤其是免疫系统。从临床宏观症状到体内免疫微环境，已观察到受多种极端环境（包括高压环境、缺氧、爆炸冲击、微重力、超重、辐射暴露和磁场环境）影响的免疫系统功能障碍。因此，设计模拟极端条件以验证免疫微环境中的主要影响特征和因素。本综述总结了体内或体外暴露期间免疫微环境对这些极端环境的反应，以及近几十年来设计模拟极端环境的方法。还讨论了相关的微环境工程、信号通路、分子机制、临床治疗和预防策略。
