Ismail Mohannad, Siemann Evan, Ding Jianqing
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2023 Oct 16;52(5):870-878. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvad067.
Invasive plants from their native and introduced ranges differ in their interactions with herbivores but it is not known whether they also vary in their interactions with herbivore natural enemies. Here, we used olfactometer bioassays and cage experiments to investigate how foraging behaviors of 2 parasitoid and 1 hyperparasitoid species depended on plant population origin. Triadica sebifera (Euphorbiaceae) is native to China but invasive in the United States. In China, it is fed on by a specialist noctuid Gadirtha fusca (Lepidoptera: Nolidae), which hosts a parasitoid Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera: Microgastinae) and hyperparasitoid (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) plus a generalist aphid Toxoptera odinae (Homoptera: Aphidiidae) parasitized by Lysiphlebus confusus (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae). Both parasitoids preferred plants infested by their host over herbivore-free plants in olfactometer bioassays. Apanteles sp. and Eurytomid wasps preferred G. fusca infested plants from China populations over those from US populations in olfactometer bioassays but L. confusus wasps did not discriminate between T. odinae infested plants from China vs. US populations. Similarly, G. fusca caterpillars on China population plants were more likely to be parasitized than ones on US population plants when they were in the same cage but odds of parasitism for T. odinae did not differ for those on China vs. US population plants. These results suggest that populations from the native and introduced ranges may differ in traits that impact higher trophic levels. This may have implications for successful control of invasive plants as biocontrol agents are introduced or herbivores begin to feed on them in their introduced ranges.
来自原生地和引入地的入侵植物在与食草动物的相互作用上存在差异，但它们与食草动物天敌的相互作用是否也有所不同尚不清楚。在此，我们通过嗅觉测定生物测定法和网笼实验，研究了2种寄生蜂和1种重寄生蜂的觅食行为如何取决于植物种群的来源地。乌桕（大戟科）原产于中国，但在美国属于入侵物种。在中国，它受到一种专食性夜蛾——褐脉棕夜蛾（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）的取食，这种夜蛾是寄生蜂Apanteles sp.（膜翅目：小腹茧蜂亚科）和重寄生蜂（膜翅目：广肩小蜂科）的寄主，此外还有一种多食性蚜虫——橘二叉蚜（同翅目：蚜科），被困惑柄瘤蚜茧蜂（膜翅目：蚜茧蜂亚科）寄生。在嗅觉测定生物测定法中，两种寄生蜂都更喜欢有其寄主寄生的植物，而不是没有食草动物的植物。在嗅觉测定生物测定法中，Apanteles sp.和广肩小蜂科黄蜂更喜欢来自中国种群的被褐脉棕夜蛾侵染的植物，而不是来自美国种群的，但困惑柄瘤蚜茧蜂对来自中国和美国种群的被橘二叉蚜侵染的植物没有表现出偏好。同样，当处于同一网笼中时，取食中国种群植物的褐脉棕夜蛾幼虫比取食美国种群植物的幼虫更易被寄生，但取食中国和美国种群植物的橘二叉蚜被寄生的几率没有差异。这些结果表明，来自原生地和引入地的种群在影响更高营养级的性状上可能存在差异。这可能对成功控制入侵植物具有重要意义，因为生物防治剂被引入或食草动物开始在其引入地取食这些植物。
