Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, V6T 1Z3.
Biol Open. 2023 Aug 15;12(8). doi: 10.1242/bio.059980. Epub 2023 Aug 2.
The basement membrane (BM) is a thin, planar-organized extracellular matrix that underlies epithelia and surrounds most organs. During development, the BM is highly dynamic and simultaneously provides mechanical properties that stabilize tissue structure and shape organs. Moreover, it is important for cell polarity, cell migration, and cell signaling. Thereby BM diverges regarding molecular composition, structure, and modes of assembly. Different BM organization leads to various physical features. The mechanisms that regulate BM composition and structure and how this affects mechanical properties are not fully understood. Recent studies show that precise control of BM deposition or degradation can result in BMs with locally different protein densities, compositions, thicknesses, or polarization. Such heterogeneous matrices can induce temporospatial force anisotropy and enable tissue sculpting. In this Review, I address recent findings that provide new perspectives on the role of the BM in morphogenesis.
基底层（BM）是一层薄的、平面组织的细胞外基质，位于上皮组织下方并环绕着大多数器官。在发育过程中，BM 高度动态，同时提供机械特性以稳定组织结构和塑造器官形状。此外，它对于细胞极性、细胞迁移和细胞信号转导也很重要。因此，BM 在分子组成、结构和组装方式上存在差异。不同的 BM 组织导致不同的物理特性。调节 BM 组成和结构的机制以及这如何影响机械特性尚不完全清楚。最近的研究表明，精确控制 BM 的沉积或降解可以导致具有局部不同蛋白质密度、组成、厚度或极化的 BM。这种异质基质可以诱导时空力各向异性，并使组织塑形。在这篇综述中，我将讨论最近的发现，这些发现为 BM 在形态发生中的作用提供了新的视角。
