Covenant University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
University of South Wales, Department of Public Health, Pontypridd, United Kingdom.
Braz J Biol. 2023 Jul 28;84:e270857. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.270857. eCollection 2023.
Investigating the interplay of factors that result in a viral zoonotic outbreak is difficult, though it is increasingly important. As anthropogenic influences shift the delicate balance of ecosystems, new zoonoses emerge in humans. Sub-Saharan Africa is a notable hotspot for zoonotic disease due to abundant competent mammalian reservoir hosts. Furthermore, poverty, corruption, and an overreliance on natural resources play considerable roles in depleting biological resources, exacerbating the population's susceptibility. Unsurprisingly, viral zoonoses have emerged in Africa, including HIV/AIDS, Ebola, Avian influenza, Lassa fever, Zika, and Monkeypox. These diseases are among the principal causes of death in endemic areas. Though typically distinct in their manifestations, viral zoonoses are connected by underlying, definitive factors. This review summarises vital findings on viral zoonoses in Africa using nine notable case studies as a benchmark for future studies. We discuss the importance of ecological recuperation and protection as a central strategy to control zoonotic diseases. Emphasis was made on moderating key drivers of zoonotic diseases to forestall future pandemics. This is in conjunction with attempts to redirect efforts from reactive to pre-emptive through a multidisciplinary "one health" approach.
研究导致病毒人畜共患病爆发的因素相互作用是困难的，但它变得越来越重要。随着人为因素改变生态系统的微妙平衡，新的人畜共患病在人类中出现。由于丰富的有能力的哺乳动物宿主，撒哈拉以南非洲是一个显著的人畜共患病热点地区。此外，贫困、腐败和过度依赖自然资源在消耗生物资源方面起着相当大的作用，使人口的易感性恶化。毫不奇怪，病毒人畜共患病已经在非洲出现，包括艾滋病毒/艾滋病、埃博拉、禽流感、拉沙热、寨卡和猴痘。这些疾病是流行地区的主要死亡原因之一。尽管在表现上通常不同，但病毒人畜共患病是由潜在的、明确的因素联系在一起的。本综述使用九个著名的案例研究作为未来研究的基准，总结了非洲人畜共患病的重要发现。我们讨论了生态恢复和保护作为控制人畜共患病的核心策略的重要性。强调通过多学科的“同一健康”方法来调节人畜共患病的关键驱动因素，以防止未来的大流行。这是与通过多学科的“同一健康”方法，从反应性努力转向预防性努力的尝试相结合的。
