Department of Management, Eli Broad College of Business, Michigan State University.
Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa.
J Appl Psychol. 2024 Jan;109(1):115-134. doi: 10.1037/apl0001122. Epub 2023 Aug 3.
Positive emotions stemming from leisure activities are often promoted as a way to achieve a state of recovery, in particular by counteracting negative emotions experienced throughout the workday. Yet the recovery literature frequently takes an undifferentiated view of both the positive emotions employees experience as well as the negative emotions employees are recovering from. This implicitly assumes that all positive emotions are equally effective in facilitating recovery from all negative emotions. Drawing from theory treating emotional movements as a metaphorical journey, we develop a framework for understanding recovery that highlights the importance of the distance and direction that individuals "travel" when moving from negative emotions to positive emotions during the recovery process. We argue that the negative emotions that people start with from work-that is, their emotional origin-as well as the positive emotions that people end with following leisure activities-that is, their emotional destination-jointly influence the state of being recovered. Across two studies using experience-sampling methodologies, we find that "shorter" journeys consisting of emotional destinations that match the activation level of emotional origins (e.g., experiencing high activation positive emotion [HAP] to counter high activation negative emotion) are effective in promoting recovery, while "longer" journeys consisting of mismatches (e.g., experiencing HAP to counter low activation negative emotion) are ineffective for recovery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
积极情绪源自休闲活动，常被视为恢复状态的一种方式，特别是可以抵消工作日期间经历的负面情绪。然而，恢复文献通常对员工体验的积极情绪和员工正在从中恢复的负面情绪不加区分地看待。这隐含地假定所有积极情绪在促进从所有负面情绪中恢复方面同样有效。借鉴将情绪运动视为隐喻性旅程的理论，我们开发了一个理解恢复的框架，该框架强调了个人在从负面情绪向积极情绪过渡过程中“旅行”的距离和方向的重要性。我们认为，人们从工作开始时所经历的负面情绪，即他们的情绪起点，以及他们在休闲活动后结束时所经历的积极情绪，即他们的情绪终点，共同影响恢复状态。通过两项使用经验抽样方法的研究，我们发现，由与情绪起点的激活水平相匹配的情绪终点组成的“较短”旅程（例如，体验高激活积极情绪[HAP]以抵消高激活消极情绪）能够有效促进恢复，而由不匹配组成的“较长”旅程（例如，体验 HAP 以抵消低激活消极情绪）则不利于恢复。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2024 APA，保留所有权利）。
