College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Sep;30(41):94814-94826. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-28815-z. Epub 2023 Aug 4.
The accelerated accumulation of phthalate esters (PAEs) in paddy soils poses a serious threat to human health. However, related studies mainly focus on facility vegetable fields, drylands, and orchards, and little is known about paddy soils. In this study, 125 samples were collected from typical red paddy fields to investigate the pollution characteristics, sources, health risks, and main drivers of PAEs. Soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activity, and bacterial community composition were also measured simultaneously. The results showed that eight PAE congeners were detected ranging from 0.17 to 1.97 mg kg. Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP) were the most abundant PAE congeners, accounting for 81% of the total PAEs. DEHP exhibited a potential carcinogenic risk to humans through the intake route. The main PAEs were positively correlated with soil organic matter (SOM) and soil water content (SWC) contents. Low levels of PAEs increased bacterial abundance. Furthermore, most PAE congeners were positively correlated with hydrolase activity. Soil acidity and nutrient dynamics played a dominant role in the bacterial community composition, with PAE congeners playing a secondary role. These findings suggest that there may be a threshold response between PAEs and organic matter and nutrient transformation in red paddy soils, and that microbial community should be the key driver. Overall, this study deepens the understanding of ecological risks and microbial mechanisms of PAEs in red paddy soils.
稻田中邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的加速积累对人类健康构成了严重威胁。然而，相关研究主要集中在设施蔬菜地、旱地和果园，对稻田的了解甚少。本研究从典型红稻田中采集了 125 个样本，以调查 PAEs 的污染特征、来源、健康风险和主要驱动因素。同时还测量了土壤理化性质、酶活性和细菌群落组成。结果表明，检测到八种 PAE 同系物，浓度范围为 0.17 至 1.97mg/kg。邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DIBP）是最丰富的 PAE 同系物，占总 PAEs 的 81%。DEHP 通过摄入途径对人类具有潜在致癌风险。主要的 PAEs 与土壤有机质（SOM）和土壤含水量（SWC）含量呈正相关。低水平的 PAEs 增加了细菌丰度。此外，大多数 PAE 同系物与水解酶活性呈正相关。土壤酸度和养分动态对细菌群落组成起着主导作用，而 PAE 同系物起着次要作用。这些发现表明，在红稻田中，PAEs 与有机质和养分转化之间可能存在一个阈值响应，微生物群落应该是关键驱动因素。总的来说，本研究深化了对红稻田中 PAEs 的生态风险和微生物机制的认识。
