Detailed structure analyses on Cobalt doped PbTiO powders.

The identification of the defects and secondary phases which significantly affect the material properties are of crucial importance. In this study, a systematic structure examination of PbTiO and cobalt doped PbTiO powder ceramics was carried out. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies were applied along with nonsimultaneous thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The doped and undoped PbTiO materials were synthesized via a practical sol-gel route that takes place at 50 C. The perovskite formation for both materials was verified. The dislocation density of cobalt doped PbTiO was found to be 0.0121 nm while it was 0.00239 nm for the undoped material. Besides, a strong strain effect was observed for cobalt doped PbTiO via XRD. This was attributed to the CoO phase which was detected through EPR and FT-IR analyses. The formation of the CoO phase during synthesis revealed the previously unexpected nonimproved ferroelectric behavior for cobalt doped PbTiO. The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss (tan δ) of cobalt doped PbTiO were estimated as 1066 and 0.8370, respectively.