Imran Muhammad, Rather Bilal Ahmad
Mathematical Sciences Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirate University, Al Ain 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Heliyon. 2023 Jul 13;9(7):e18135. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18135. eCollection 2023 Jul.
We study the Sombor index and the Sombor spectral properties of chain graphs. In particular, an explicit formula for the Sombor index is given, the Sombor eigenvalues are discussed, bounds on the largest and the smallest Sombor eigenvalues are presented, chain graphs with the simple Sombor eigenvalue are characterized, formulae for the Frobenius norm and the determinant of the Sombor quotient matrix of chain graphs are given, the Sombor spread bound and the Sombor energy bounds are presented along with the characterization of graphs attaining them.
我们研究链图的Sombor指数和Sombor谱性质。特别地,给出了Sombor指数的显式公式,讨论了Sombor特征值,给出了最大和最小Sombor特征值的界,刻画了具有简单Sombor特征值的链图,给出了链图的Sombor商矩阵的Frobenius范数和行列式的公式,给出了Sombor谱展布界和Sombor能量界以及达到这些界的图的刻画。