Libretti Alessandro, Corsini Christian, Remorgida Valentino
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy -
School of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy -
Minerva Obstet Gynecol. 2025 Feb;77(1):56-61. doi: 10.23736/S2724-606X.23.05344-7. Epub 2023 Aug 4.
Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C or FGM) are injuries to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. Every year, over 4 million girls are at risk of FGM. Complications of this practice are very common and some of them are still under investigation. The purpose of this short narrative review is to highlight and summarize the main ones. Psychologic and psychiatric sequelae, chronic vulvar pain, urogenital symptoms, pelvic organs prolapse, sexual disfunction, cervical dysplasia and infections resulted as chronic sequalae of FGM. Severe pain, excessive bleeding, and tissues swelling are acute consequences of FGM. Rates of caesarean section, time of second stage of delivery, post-partum blood loss (but not major hemorrhage), peri-clitoral and perineal injuries and episiotomy rates are higher in pregnant women with FGM, when compared with those non victims of mutilation. The female genital mutilation practice is often cause of severe urogynecologic, psychologic and obstetrics sequelae. Although several studies have been carried out on FMG complications and treatments, long term sequelae are still very common and deserve major attention and further research.
女性生殖器切割（FGM/C或FGM）是指出于非医学原因对女性生殖器官造成的伤害。每年，超过400万女孩面临女性生殖器切割的风险。这种行为的并发症非常常见，其中一些仍在研究中。这篇简短的叙述性综述的目的是突出并总结主要的并发症。心理和精神后遗症、慢性外阴疼痛、泌尿生殖系统症状、盆腔器官脱垂、性功能障碍、宫颈发育异常和感染是女性生殖器切割的慢性后遗症。剧痛、大量出血和组织肿胀是女性生殖器切割的急性后果。与未受切割的孕妇相比，接受过女性生殖器切割的孕妇剖宫产率、第二产程时间、产后失血（但非大出血）、阴蒂周围和会阴损伤以及会阴切开术率更高。女性生殖器切割行为常常会导致严重的泌尿妇科、心理和产科后遗症。尽管已经对女性生殖器切割的并发症和治疗进行了多项研究，但长期后遗症仍然非常普遍，值得高度关注和进一步研究。
