Chen Yiting, Hu Yabin, Li Rong, Kang Wenhui, Zhao Anda, Lu Ruoyu, Yin Yong, Tong Shilu, Yuan Jiajun, Li Shenghui
School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 10;903:166011. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166011. Epub 2023 Aug 2.
The association between residential greenness and chronotype remains unclear, especially among children. The current study aimed to explore the associations between residential greenness and chronotype parameters in children and examine potential pathways for these associations.
In this cross-sectional study, 16,421 children ages 3-12 were included. Two satellite-derived vegetation indices, i.e., the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), were used to estimate residential greenness. The mid-sleep point on a workday (MSW) and the mid-sleep point on free days (MSF) were considered. And mid-sleep time on free days adjusted for sleep debt (MSFsc) was used as an indicator of chronotype. In addition to multivariable linear regression models, subgroup analyses were conducted to explore effect modifiers, and mediation analyses were used to explore possible mediating mechanisms of air pollutants underlying the associations.
An interquartile range (IQR) increase in both NDVI and EVI was significantly associated with an earlier MSFsc of -0.061 (95 % confidence interval (CI): -0.072, -0.049) and -0.054 (95 % CI: -0.066, -0.042), respectively. Non-linear dose response relationships were discovered between greenness indices and MSFsc and MSF. The results of stratified analyses showed the effect of residential greenness on MSW was stronger among primary school children and individuals with higher household income than among kindergarten children and those with lower household income. The joint mediation effects of PM, PM, PM, NO, and SO on the associations of NDVI and EVI with MSFsc were 89.6 % and 76.0 %, respectively.
Higher levels of residential greenness may have beneficial effects on an earlier chronotype in the child population, by reducing the effects of air pollutants, especially PM. Our research hopes to promote the deployment of green infrastructure and healthy urban design strategies.
居住环境的绿化程度与昼夜节律类型之间的关联尚不清楚，尤其是在儿童中。本研究旨在探讨儿童居住环境绿化程度与昼夜节律类型参数之间的关联，并检验这些关联的潜在途径。
在这项横断面研究中，纳入了16421名3至12岁的儿童。使用两个卫星衍生的植被指数，即归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）和增强植被指数（EVI）来估计居住环境的绿化程度。考虑工作日的睡眠中点（MSW）和休息日的睡眠中点（MSF）。并且将考虑睡眠债后的休息日睡眠中点（MSFsc）用作昼夜节律类型的指标。除多变量线性回归模型外，还进行了亚组分析以探索效应修饰因素，并使用中介分析来探索空气污染物在这些关联中可能的中介机制。
NDVI和EVI的四分位数间距（IQR）增加分别与MSFsc提前-0.061（95%置信区间（CI）：-0.072，-0.049）和-0.054（95%CI：-0.066，-0.042）显著相关。发现绿化指数与MSFsc和MSF之间存在非线性剂量反应关系。分层分析结果表明，居住环境绿化程度对MSW的影响在小学生和家庭收入较高的个体中比在幼儿园儿童和家庭收入较低的个体中更强。PM、PM、PM、NO和SO对NDVI和EVI与MSFsc关联的联合中介效应分别为89.6%和76.0%。
较高水平的居住环境绿化程度可能通过减少空气污染物尤其是PM的影响，对儿童群体更早的昼夜节律类型产生有益影响。我们的研究希望促进绿色基础设施的部署和健康的城市设计策略。
