Serviço de Onco-Hematologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Serviço de Onco-Hematologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2023;379:189-219. doi: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.05.001. Epub 2023 Jun 15.
The increased tropism for malignant cells of some viruses has been highlighted in recent studies, prompting their use as a strategy to modify the transcriptional profile of those cells, while sparing the healthy ones. Likewise, they have been recognized as players modulating microenvironmental immunity, namely through an increase in antigen-presenting, natural-killer, and T CD8+ cytotoxic cells by a cross-priming mechanism elicited by tumor-associated antigens. The immunomodulatory role of the oncolytic virus seems relevant in hematological malignancies, which may relapse as a result of a proliferative burst elicited by an external stimulus in progenitor or neoplastic stem cells. By reprogramming the host cells and the surrounding environment, the potential of virotherapy ranges from the promise to eradicate the minimal measurable disease (in acute leukemia, for example), to the ex vivo purging of malignant progenitor cells in the setting of autologous bone marrow transplantation. In this review, we analyze the recent advances in virotherapy in hematological malignancies, either when administered alone or together with chemotherapeutic agents or other immunomodulators.
最近的研究强调了一些病毒对恶性细胞的更高倾向性，这促使人们将其用作一种策略来改变这些细胞的转录谱，同时不影响健康细胞。同样，它们也被认为是调节微环境免疫的参与者，通过肿瘤相关抗原引发的交叉呈递机制，增加抗原呈递、自然杀伤和 CD8+T 细胞毒性细胞。溶瘤病毒的免疫调节作用在血液系统恶性肿瘤中似乎具有相关性，这些肿瘤可能由于祖细胞或肿瘤干细胞中由外部刺激引发的增殖爆发而复发。通过重新编程宿主细胞和周围环境，病毒疗法的潜力从有望根除最小可测量疾病（例如急性白血病），到自体骨髓移植中清除恶性祖细胞的体外净化。在这篇综述中，我们分析了血液系统恶性肿瘤中病毒疗法的最新进展，无论是单独使用还是与化疗药物或其他免疫调节剂联合使用。
