Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hum Immunol. 2021 Sep;82(9):640-648. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.05.007. Epub 2021 Jun 9.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative option for various hematologic malignancies. However, fatal complications, such as relapse and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) hampered favorable HSCT outcomes. Cancer cells remained in the body following the conditioning regimen, or those contaminating the autologous graft can cause relapse. Although the relapse is much lesser in allogeneic HSCT, GVHD is still a life-threatening complication in this type of HSCT. Researchers are seeking various strategies to reduce relapse and GVHD in HSCT with minimum effects on the engraftment and immune-reconstitution. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging anti-cancer agents with promising results in battling solid tumors. OVs can selectively replicate in the malignant cells in which the antiviral immune responses have defected. Hence, they could be used as a purging agent to eradicate the tumoral contamination of autologous grafts with no damages to hematopoietic stem cells. Moreover, they have been shown to alleviate GVHD complications through modulating alloreactive T cell responses. Primary results promise using OVs as a strategy to reduce both relapse and GVHD in the HSCT without affecting hematologic and immunologic engraftment. Herein, we provide the latest findings in the field of OV therapy in HSCT and discuss their pros and cons.
造血干细胞移植（HSCT）是治疗各种血液系统恶性肿瘤的一种有治愈可能的选择。然而，致命的并发症，如复发和移植物抗宿主病（GVHD），阻碍了 HSCT 的良好结果。在预处理方案后，体内仍有癌细胞残留，或自体移植物中的污染细胞可能导致复发。虽然异基因 HSCT 中的复发要少得多，但 GVHD 仍然是这种类型 HSCT 的危及生命的并发症。研究人员正在寻求各种策略，以降低 HSCT 中的复发和 GVHD，同时对植入和免疫重建的影响最小。溶瘤病毒（OVs）是新兴的抗癌药物，在治疗实体瘤方面取得了有希望的结果。OVs 可以选择性地在抗病毒免疫反应受损的恶性细胞中复制。因此，它们可以用作清除剂，以消除自体移植物中的肿瘤污染，而不对造血干细胞造成损害。此外，它们已被证明可以通过调节同种异体反应性 T 细胞反应来缓解 GVHD 并发症。初步结果承诺使用 OVs 作为一种策略，在不影响血液学和免疫植入的情况下，降低 HSCT 中的复发和 GVHD。本文提供了 OV 治疗 HSCT 领域的最新发现，并讨论了它们的优缺点。
