Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79668, USA.
Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79668, USA.
Commun Biol. 2023 Aug 5;6(1):819. doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-05170-w.
The translocation of individuals around the world is leading to rising incidences of anthropogenic hybridization, particularly between domestic and wild congeners. We apply a landscape genomics approach for thousands of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) samples across continental and island populations to determine the result of over a century of supplementation practices. We establish that a single domestic game-farm mallard breed is the source for contemporary release programs in Eurasia and North America, as well as for established feral populations in New Zealand and Hawaii. In particular, we identify central Europe and eastern North America as epicenters of ongoing anthropogenic hybridization, and conclude that the release of game-farm mallards continues to affect the genetic integrity of wild mallards. Conversely, self-sustaining feral populations in New Zealand and Hawaii not only show strong differentiation from their original stock, but also signatures of local adaptation occurring in less than a half-century since game-farm mallard releases have ceased. We conclude that 'wild' is not singular, and that even feral populations are capable of responding to natural processes. Although considered paradoxical to biological conservation, understanding the capacity for wildness among feral and feral admixed populations in human landscapes is critical as such interactions increase in the Anthropocene.
个体在全球范围内的迁移导致了人为杂交事件的发生率上升，特别是在驯养和野生近缘物种之间。我们应用景观基因组学方法对数千个欧亚大陆和岛屿种群的野鸭（Anas platyrhynchos）样本进行分析，以确定一个多世纪以来补充实践的结果。我们发现，单一的家养猎鸭品种是欧亚大陆和北美的当代释放计划以及新西兰和夏威夷的已建立的野化种群的来源。特别是，我们确定中欧和北美东部是持续人为杂交的中心，并得出结论，猎鸭的释放继续影响野生鸭的遗传完整性。相反，新西兰和夏威夷的自维持野化种群不仅与其原始种群有很强的分化，而且在猎鸭释放停止不到半个世纪的时间里，就出现了局部适应的迹象。我们得出结论，“野生”并不是单一的，即使是野化种群也能够对自然过程做出反应。尽管这与生物保护相矛盾，但理解人类景观中野化和野化混合种群的野生能力至关重要，因为在人类世，这种相互作用正在增加。
