Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Endoscopy, Animal Reproduction and Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
Aust Vet J. 2023 Oct;101(10):397-408. doi: 10.1111/avj.13268. Epub 2023 Aug 6.
To provide complete anatomical and ultrasonographic description of tendons and ligaments at the palmar (plantar) aspect of the cannon and phalangeal regions of the one-humped camel.
Forty-two (21 fore and 21 hind) clinically normal camel cadavers' limbs disarticulated at the carpal and tarsal joints and three clinically normal mature camels were included in the study. Six cadaver limbs (three fore and three hind) were dissected, and another six limbs specimens (three fore and three hind) were frozen at -20° for 1 week then sectioned transversely with an electric band saw at different distances distal to the carpometacarpal and tarsometatarsal joints. The ultrasonographic study was carried out on the live camels and 30 cadaveric limbs. The shape, echogenicity and measurements (thickness, width and cross-sectional area) of superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), suspensory ligament (SL), and sesamoidean ligaments were recorded and the differences in values between live animals and cadaveric specimens were statistically analysed.
The shape and echogenicity of SDFT, DDFT, and SL, varied between proximal, middle, and distal thirds of the cannon bone and the phalangeal region. There was no significant difference between live animal and cadaveric specimens.
This study provided complete description of tendons and ligaments at the palmar (plantar) aspect of the cannon and phalangeal region of the one humped camel. The data obtained serves as a reference guide for practicing veterinarians and for future studies on injury to ligaments and tendons of camel's distal extremity.
提供单峰驼掌侧（跖侧）骨干和掌骨区域的肌腱和韧带的完整解剖学和超声描述。
本研究纳入了 42 具（21 前肢和 21 后肢）临床正常骆驼尸体四肢，在腕掌和跗跖关节处离断，以及 3 只临床正常成熟骆驼。其中 6 具尸体四肢（3 前肢和 3 后肢）进行解剖，另外 6 具肢体标本（3 前肢和 3 后肢）在-20°C 下冷冻 1 周，然后用电带锯在距腕掌和跗跖关节不同距离处横向切开。对活体骆驼和 30 具尸体肢体进行了超声研究。记录了指浅屈肌腱（SDFT）、指深屈肌腱（DDFT）、悬韧带（SL）和籽骨韧带的形状、回声和测量值（厚度、宽度和横截面积），并对活体动物和尸体标本之间的差异进行了统计学分析。
SDFT、DDFT 和 SL 的形状和回声在骨干和掌骨区域的近端、中间和远端三分之一之间有所不同。活体动物和尸体标本之间没有显著差异。
本研究提供了单峰驼掌侧（跖侧）骨干和掌骨区域的肌腱和韧带的完整描述。获得的数据为执业兽医提供了参考指南，并为未来研究骆驼远端韧带和肌腱损伤提供了参考。
