Recycled, Contaminated, Crumpled Aluminum Foil-Driven Triboelectric Nanogenerator.

With rapid urbanization and global population growth, the amount of wasted aluminum foil is significantly increasing. Most deformed and contaminated foil is difficult to recycle; hence, it is landfilled or incinerated, causing environmental pollution. Therefore, using aluminum foil waste for electricity may be conducive to addressing environmental problems. In this regard, various literatures have explored the concept of energy generation using foil, while a crumple ball design for this purpose has not been studied. Thus, a recycled foil-based crumpled ball triboelectric nanogenerator (RFCB-TENG) is proposed. The crumpled ball design can minimize the effects of contamination on foil, ensuring efficient power output. Moreover, owing to novel crumpled design, the RFCB-TENG has some outstanding characteristics to become a sustainable power source, such as ultralight weight, low noise, and high durability. By introducing the air-breakdown model, the RFCB-TENG achieved an output peak voltage of 648 V, a current of 8.1 mA cm , and an optimum power of 162.7 mW cm . The structure of the RFCB-TENG is systemically optimized depending on the design parameters to realize the optimum output performance. Finally, the RFCB-TENG operated 500 LEDs and 30-W commercial lamps. This work paves the guideline for effectively fabricating the TENG using waste-materials while exhibiting outstanding characteristics.