Key Laboratory of Northwestern Loess Plateau Crops Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Bull Entomol Res. 2023 Oct;113(5):658-664. doi: 10.1017/S0007485323000329. Epub 2023 Aug 7.
Aphids exhibit seasonally alternating asexual and sexual reproductive modes. Different morphs are produced throughout the life cycle. To evaluate morph-specific fitness during reproductive switching, holocyclic were induced continuously under short light conditions, and development and reproduction were compared in each morph. Seven morphs, including apterous and alate virginoparae, apterous and alate sexuparae, oviparae, males, and fundatrices, were produced during the life cycle. The greatest proportions of sexuparae, oviparae, males, and virginoparae were in the G1, G2, G3, and G4 generations, respectively. Regardless of asexual or sexual morphs, alate morphs exhibited a marked delay in age at maturity compared with that of apterous morphs. Among the alate morphs, males had the longest age at maturity, followed by sexuparae and virginoparae. Among the apterous morphs, sexuparae were older at maturity than the fundatrices, virginoparae, and oviparae. The nymphs of each morph had equal survival potentials. For the same wing morphs, apterous sexuparae and oviparae exhibited substantial delays in the pre-reproductive period and considerable reductions in fecundity, compared with those of apterous virginoparae and fundatrices, whereas alate sexuparae and alate virginoparae had similar fecundity. The seven morphs exhibited Deevey I survivorship throughout the life cycle. These results suggest that sexual production, particularly in males, has short-term development and reproduction costs. The coexistence of sexual and asexual morphs in sexuparae offspring may be regarded as an adaptive strategy for limiting the risk of low fitness in winter.
蚜虫表现出季节性交替的无性和有性生殖方式。在整个生命周期中会产生不同的形态。为了评估生殖转换过程中形态特异性适应度，我们在短光照条件下连续诱导全周期，比较了每个形态的发育和繁殖。在生命周期中产生了 7 种形态，包括无翅和有翅的处女蚜、无翅和有翅的性母蚜、产卵雌蚜、雄蚜和基母蚜。性母蚜、产卵雌蚜、雄蚜和处女蚜的比例在 G1、G2、G3 和 G4 代中最大。无论有无性形态，有翅形态的成熟年龄都比无翅形态明显延迟。在有翅形态中，雄蚜的成熟年龄最长，其次是性母蚜和处女蚜。在无翅形态中，性母蚜的成熟年龄大于基母蚜、处女蚜和产卵雌蚜。每个形态的若虫都有相等的生存潜力。对于相同的翅型，无翅性母蚜和产卵雌蚜的繁殖前期明显延迟，且繁殖力显著降低，而无翅处女蚜和基母蚜的繁殖力则相当；有翅性母蚜和有翅处女蚜的繁殖力相似。这 7 种形态在整个生命周期中都表现出 Deevey I 生存曲线。这些结果表明，有性生殖，特别是雄性，具有短期的发育和繁殖成本。性母蚜后代中存在有性和无性形态的共存，可能被视为一种适应策略，以限制冬季低适应度的风险。
