Gürkan Rıfat Kerem, Koçak Funda
Recreation Department, Kırıkkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey.
Sports Management Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
Int J Dev Disabil. 2021 Dec 2;69(5):697-709. doi: 10.1080/20473869.2021.2009636. eCollection 2023.
Participation in physical activity (PA) occurs differently in each individual. Investigating how it comes about in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is seen as an area that does not receive enough attention. In this paper, which was designed to get more information and contribute to the field, the participation of adolescents with ASD in PA was examined in line with the socio-ecological model through the opinions of 17 Turkish parents. Semi-structured interviews well-used to understand the perspective of parents', and as a main themes constraints and facilitating factors affecting participation of adolescents with ASD in PA were determined. When investigated in terms of intrapersonal factors, which are the first stage of the model, are examined, it is seen that ASD related problems as a constraint and experiences as a facilitator were the foremost themes. Interpersonal constraints were prejudice and family attitude while facilitators were family attitude and attitude of close surroundings. In environmental factors, the main constraints were adapted physical activity (APA) opportunities, while facilitators were neighborhood and facilities. While negative PA approaches of organizations was an institutional constraint, positive PA approach of organizations was a facilitator. In the final stages of the model, in terms of public policy, the constraint was not meeting expectations of current policies and the facilitator was improvements in policies. Consequently, it was understood that adolescents with ASD still participate in PA in some way even though they encounter many constraints when participating in physical activities, the constraints outweigh the facilitating factors.
每个人参与体育活动（PA）的方式都有所不同。研究自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）青少年参与体育活动的方式被视为一个未得到足够关注的领域。本文旨在获取更多信息并为该领域做出贡献，通过17位土耳其家长的意见，依据社会生态模型对ASD青少年参与体育活动的情况进行了考察。半结构化访谈常用于了解家长的观点，确定了影响ASD青少年参与体育活动的主要主题，即限制因素和促进因素。从模型的第一阶段人际因素方面进行考察时，发现与ASD相关的问题作为限制因素以及经历作为促进因素是最主要的主题。人际限制因素是偏见和家庭态度，而促进因素是家庭态度和周围亲近之人的态度。在环境因素方面，主要限制因素是适应性体育活动（APA）机会，而促进因素是邻里关系和设施。组织对体育活动的消极态度是一种制度性限制，而组织对体育活动的积极态度则是一个促进因素。在模型的最后阶段，就公共政策而言，限制因素是未达到当前政策的期望，促进因素是政策的改进。因此，可以理解的是，ASD青少年在参与体育活动时尽管会遇到许多限制因素，但仍以某种方式参与其中，且限制因素超过了促进因素。
