Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023 Oct;107(19):5899-5907. doi: 10.1007/s00253-023-12708-9. Epub 2023 Aug 7.
Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) is an extracellular enzyme of the GH13 α-amylase family that catalyzes a unique intramolecular reaction known as cyclization to transform α-1, 4-glucans and similar starches into cyclodextrins. They also catalyze intermolecular transglycosylation reactions namely coupling, disproportionation, and some hydrolyzing effects on starch. The monomeric structures of the CGTase exhibit five domains (A, B, C, D, and E domains) with different molecular weights and amino acid sequences depending on the source. Among bacteria, Bacillus genus covers approximately 90% of the CGTase producers, while other genera like Klebsiella, Paenibacillus, and Thermoanaerobacter also shown decent contributions in recent studies. CGTase production is highly supported by alkaliphilic bacteria under submerged fermentation rather than solid-state fermentation. The bacterial sources, biochemical properties, production conditions, and structure of CGTases are compiled in this review. Cyclodextrins have the unique property of making inclusion complexes with various compounds, hence widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, laundry, and chemical sectors. This review presents a comprehensive view of CGTase produced by Bacillus spp., and other bacterial genera like Klebsiella, Paenibacillus, and Microbacterium. It also gives insight of the properties and recent biotechnological applications of cyclodextrins. KEY POINTS: • Transglycosylation reactions catalyzed by CGTase and their structural properties. • Comparative data of CGTase production by various genera and Bacillus spp. • Structures, properties, and applications of different cyclodextrins.
环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶（CGTase）是 GH13 α-淀粉酶家族的一种细胞外酶，可催化一种独特的分子内反应，即环化反应，将α-1,4-葡聚糖和类似的淀粉转化为环糊精。它还催化分子间的转糖苷反应，即偶联、歧化和对淀粉的一些水解作用。CGTase 的单体结构表现出五个结构域（A、B、C、D 和 E 结构域），分子量和氨基酸序列因来源而异。在细菌中，芽孢杆菌属约占 CGTase 产生菌的 90%，而其他属如克雷伯氏菌属、类芽孢杆菌属和热厌氧菌属在最近的研究中也有相当大的贡献。CGTase 的生产在碱性条件下的深层发酵中得到了很好的支持，而不是在固态发酵中。本文综述了 CGTase 的细菌来源、生化特性、生产条件和结构。环糊精具有与各种化合物形成包合物的独特性质，因此广泛应用于食品、制药、化妆品、洗衣和化学等领域。本文综述了芽孢杆菌属和其他细菌属（如克雷伯氏菌属、类芽孢杆菌属和微杆菌属）产生的 CGTase。还介绍了环糊精的性质和最近的生物技术应用。要点：• CGTase 催化的转糖苷反应及其结构特性。• 各种属和芽孢杆菌属生产 CGTase 的比较数据。• 不同环糊精的结构、性质和应用。
