College of Health, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA.
J Community Health. 2023 Dec;48(6):1004-1009. doi: 10.1007/s10900-023-01271-z. Epub 2023 Aug 7.
Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is a major public health problem which includes not only concerns about vaccine, but often includes beliefs not aligned with evidence. The etiology of VH is complicate, including genuine concerns about vaccine safety to beliefs in disproven or unsubstantiated theories. Understanding VH includes determining the factors associated with people most likely to be susceptible.
To identify characteristics of persons more likely to have VH based on perceived vaccine safety.
We conducted a cross sectional, targeted online survey of 1,024 respondents.
The survey collected data on demographics and vaccine beliefs. A seven-question VH scale was created based on an extensive literature review. When measured, this scale had high internal validity based on Cronbach's Alpha (α = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.79, 0.82) and provided a continuous measurement to understand the VH degree.
Persons reporting a conservative political ideology had the highest VH score ([Formula: see text] = 15.0), followed by other ([Formula: see text] =12.7), moderate ([Formula: see text] =9.29), and liberal ([Formula: see text] =6.72). Education level was another strong indicator of VH, decreasing from the highest score of high school graduates ( [Formula: see text] = 13.2) to graduate degree holders ([Formula: see text] = 9.22).
The more conservative a person's political ideology, the higher the VHS. We asked for ideology, rather than political party, although they are related, they are not the same. Ideology influences more domains than voting patterns. Higher educational attainment shows a protective effect against VH. These findings have direct implication for public health interventions, new interventions should be designed to be more accessible for persons with less formal education and more amenable to persons who hold a more conservative ideology.
疫苗犹豫（VH）是一个主要的公共卫生问题，它不仅包括对疫苗的担忧，还常常包括与证据不符的信念。VH 的病因复杂，包括对疫苗安全性的真正担忧，以及对未经证实或无根据的理论的信仰。了解 VH 包括确定最容易受到影响的人的相关因素。
根据对疫苗安全性的感知，确定更有可能出现 VH 的人的特征。
我们对 1024 名受访者进行了横断面、有针对性的在线调查。
该调查收集了人口统计学和疫苗信仰的数据。根据广泛的文献综述，创建了一个包含七个问题的 VH 量表。当进行测量时，该量表基于 Cronbach 的 Alpha（α=0.80，95%置信区间，0.79，0.82）具有较高的内部有效性，并提供了一个连续的测量来了解 VH 程度。
报告保守政治意识形态的人 VH 得分最高（[Formula: see text] = 15.0），其次是其他（[Formula: see text] = 12.7）、温和（[Formula: see text] = 9.29）和自由（[Formula: see text] = 6.72）。教育水平也是 VH 的另一个强有力的指标，从得分最高的高中毕业生（[Formula: see text] = 13.2）到研究生（[Formula: see text] = 9.22）依次递减。
一个人的政治意识形态越保守，VH 得分就越高。我们询问的是意识形态，而不是政党，尽管它们是相关的，但它们并不相同。意识形态影响的领域比投票模式多。较高的教育程度对 VH 有保护作用。这些发现对公共卫生干预具有直接意义，新的干预措施应该针对受教育程度较低的人群更加普及，并且对持有更保守意识形态的人群更加友好。
