State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2023 Sep;200:115051. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115051. Epub 2023 Aug 6.
Imbalance in the tissue microenvironment is the main obstacle to drug delivery and distribution in the human body. Before penetrating the pathological tissue microenvironment to the target site, therapeutic agents are usually accompanied by three consumption steps: the first step is tissue physical barriers for prevention of their penetration, the second step is inactivation of them by biological molecules, and the third step is a cytoprotective mechanism for preventing them from functioning on specific subcellular organelles. However, recent studies in drug-hindering mainly focus on normal physiological rather than pathological microenvironment, and the repair of damaged physiological barriers is also rarely discussed. Actually, both the modulation of pathological barriers and the repair of damaged physiological barriers are essential in the disease treatment and the homeostasis maintenance. In this review, we present an overview describing the latest advances in the generality of these pathological barriers and barrier-modulated nanomedicine. Overall, this review holds considerable significance for guiding the design of nanomedicine to increase drug efficacy in the future.
组织微环境失衡是药物在人体内输送和分布的主要障碍。在穿透病理性组织微环境到达靶位之前，治疗剂通常伴随着三个消耗步骤：第一步是组织物理屏障以防止其穿透，第二步是生物分子使其失活，第三步是细胞保护机制以防止它们在特定的亚细胞细胞器上发挥作用。然而，药物阻碍的最新研究主要集中在正常生理而不是病理微环境上，而且很少讨论受损生理屏障的修复。实际上，病理性屏障的调节和受损生理屏障的修复对于疾病的治疗和内稳态的维持都是必不可少的。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了一个概述，描述了这些病理性屏障的普遍性和屏障调节纳米医学的最新进展。总的来说，这篇综述对于指导纳米医学的设计以提高未来药物的疗效具有重要意义。
