Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Plantaphile, Collingswood, NJ, USA; Traditional Medicinals Inc., Rohnert Park, CA, USA.
Department of Gastroenterology und General Internal Medicine Klinikum Hann Münden, Germany; University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jan 10;318(Pt B):116999. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116999. Epub 2023 Aug 6.
Uzara, Xysmalobium undulatum (L.) W.T.Aiton, a herbal medicine for diarrhoea and smooth-muscle cramps is little-known outside Germany, where it has had a market presence for ∼110 years. The early introduction of this Southern African medicinal plant into Europe and the US was entrepreneurially driven, similar to buchu (Agathosma spp.) and Umckaloabo (Pelargonium sidoides DC.). Much of its history of commercialization, from its origin, identity and supply chain to its composition and clinical evidence of efficacy and safety, has been poorly studied and/or scantly published.
The aim of this review is to uncover enough data to create a coherent timeline, many of which are published here for the first time, and to evaluate all published data, mostly historical and/or elusive, to corroborate Uzara's status as a safe and efficacious botanical medicine.
Multiple searches were conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases with the following keywords: all scientific and common plant names combined with taxonomy, nomenclature, ethnobotany, traditional use, ecology, cultivation, sustainability, economy, trade, CITES, chemistry, biochemistry, compounds, pre-clinical, pharmacology, clinical, RCT, safety, toxicology, veterinary, review for the period of 1600-2022. Reference sections of selected publications were searched manually. Additionally, product registration databases of national competent health authorities in Europe were consulted for products, license holders and formulations.
The authors find an underutilized potential of uzara as anti-diarrhoeic (with or without underlying infection) and spasmolytic remedy. A by-product of this review is a largely inclusive bibliography of publications on uzara.
Further clinical research supporting antidiarrhoeal and spasmolytic efficacy would be desirable.
Uzara，Xysmalobium undulatum（L.）W.T.Aiton，一种用于腹泻和平滑肌痉挛的草药，在德国以外鲜为人知，在德国已有约 110 年的市场历史。这种南非药用植物早期被引入欧洲和美国是由企业家推动的，类似于 Buchu（Agathosma spp.）和 Umckaloabo（Pelargonium sidoides DC.）。从其起源、身份和供应链到组成、疗效和安全性的临床证据，其商业化的大部分历史都研究甚少和/或发表甚少。
本综述的目的是挖掘出足够的数据来创建一个连贯的时间表，其中许多数据都是首次发表的，并评估所有已发表的数据，这些数据主要是历史数据和/或难以捉摸的数据，以证实 Uzara 作为一种安全有效的植物药的地位。
在 PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、Science Direct 和 Google Scholar 数据库中进行了多次搜索，使用的关键词是所有科学和常见的植物名称，结合分类学、命名法、民族植物学、传统用途、生态学、栽培、可持续性、经济、贸易、CITES、化学、生物化学、化合物、临床前、药理学、临床、RCT、安全性、毒理学、兽医、1600-2022 年期间的综述。手动搜索了选定出版物的参考文献部分。此外，还查阅了欧洲国家主管卫生当局的产品注册数据库，以获取产品、许可证持有者和制剂的信息。
作者发现 uzara 作为抗腹泻药（有或没有潜在感染）和抗痉挛药的潜力未得到充分利用。本综述的一个副产品是一份关于 uzara 的出版物的综合文献目录。
希望有进一步的临床研究支持其抗腹泻和抗痉挛的疗效。
