Nursing School, University of Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil.
Medical School, University of Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 2024 Sep-Oct;56(4):541-550. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2244499. Epub 2023 Aug 8.
The prevalence of depression and substance use changed significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study explored the association between the use of psychoactive substances and depression in Brazilian university students. This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2021 and 2022. A sample of 1271 students were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Hierarchical multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between tobacco use, alcohol consumption, illicit substance use, and depression. Among the participants, 424 (33.4%; 95%CI 30.7-36) screened positive for depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10). Alcohol was the most consumed substance. Recent use of illicit substances was associated with depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.59; CI 1.02-2.50). The pattern of moderate or high-risk tobacco use (aOR 2.11; CI 1.31-3.42), alcohol use (aOR 3.40; CI 2.29-5.06), and illicit substances (aOR 1.82; CI 1.15-2.89) were associated with higher chances of depression in adjusted models. Findings highlight the importance of implementing support for mental health among university students. These policies are crucial for addressing maladaptive behaviors, such as substance use, and for mitigating psychological distress, such as depression, which has been exacerbated during the pandemic.
在 COVID-19 大流行期间，抑郁和物质使用的流行率发生了显著变化。本研究探讨了巴西大学生中使用精神活性物质与抑郁之间的关系。这项横断面研究于 2021 年至 2022 年进行。使用患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）和酒精、吸烟和物质使用参与筛查测试（ASSIST）对 1271 名学生进行评估。使用分层多变量逻辑回归模型评估吸烟、饮酒、非法药物使用与抑郁之间的关系。在参与者中，424 名（33.4%；95%CI 30.7-36）抑郁筛查呈阳性（PHQ-9≥10）。酒精是最常使用的物质。最近使用非法药物与抑郁相关（调整后的优势比[aOR]1.59；CI 1.02-2.50）。中度或高度风险的烟草使用模式（aOR 2.11；CI 1.31-3.42）、酒精使用模式（aOR 3.40；CI 2.29-5.06）和非法药物使用模式（aOR 1.82；CI 1.15-2.89）与调整后的抑郁模型中更高的抑郁几率相关。研究结果强调了在大学生中实施心理健康支持的重要性。这些政策对于解决适应不良行为（如物质使用）以及减轻心理困扰（如抑郁）至关重要，而抑郁在大流行期间有所加剧。
