Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
GM Crops Food. 2023 Dec 31;14(1):1-12. doi: 10.1080/21645698.2023.2243041. Epub 2023 Aug 8.
Mutation breeding based on various chemical and physical mutagens induces and disrupts non-target loci. Hence, large populations were required for visual screening, but desired plants were rare and it was a further laborious task to identify desirable mutants. Generated mutant had high defect due to non-targeted mutation, with poor agronomic performance. Mutation techniques were augmented by targeted induced local lesions in genome (TILLING) facilitating the selection of desirable germplasm. On the other hand, gene editing through CRISPR/Cas9 allows knocking down genes for site-directed mutation. This handy technique has been exploited for the modification of fatty acid profile. High oleic acid genetic stocks were obtained in a broad range of crops. Moreover, genes involved in the accumulation of undesirable seed components such as starch, polysaccharide, and flavors were knocked down to enhance seed quality, which helps to improve oil contents and reduces the anti-nutritional component.
基于各种化学和物理诱变剂的诱变育种会诱导和破坏非目标基因座。因此，需要大量的群体进行目视筛选，但所需的植物很少，而且识别理想突变体是一项更加费力的任务。由于非靶向突变，产生的突变体具有较高的缺陷，农艺性能较差。通过靶向诱导基因组局部突变（TILLING）技术增强了诱变技术，有利于选择理想的种质资源。另一方面，通过 CRISPR/Cas9 进行基因编辑可以实现基因的定点突变。这项便捷的技术已被用于修饰脂肪酸图谱。在广泛的作物中获得了高油酸遗传品系。此外，敲除与积累不良种子成分（如淀粉、多糖和风味）相关的基因可以提高种子质量，有助于提高油分含量并降低抗营养成分。
