Fitzpatrick Caroline, Binet Marie-Andrée, Cristini Emma, Almeida Maíra Lopes, Bégin Mathieu, Frizzo Giana Bitencourt
Département de l'enseignement au préscolaire et au primaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
Department of Childhood Education, University Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Psicol Reflex Crit. 2023 Aug 9;36(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s41155-023-00262-2.
Most children grow up in homes with easy access to multiple screens. Screen use by children between the ages of 0 to 5 has become a worldwide preoccupation. In the present narrative review, we examine child and parent screen use and its contribution to physical, cognitive, and social developmental outcomes. As research has mostly focused on the adverse consequences of screen media, we aim to depict both the negative and the positive influences of screen usage. To provide a more nuanced portrait of the potential benefits and harms of screen use, we examine how consequences of media use vary according to the content of media (ex., educational, violent), context (ex., using screens during mealtimes), and the nature (ex., passive vs active use) of child screen use. Our review supports existing screen time guidelines and recommendations and suggests that media content, the context of use, and the nature of child use, as well as the parent's own screen use, be considered clinically. Future research should seek to clarify how these dimensions jointly contribute to child screen use profiles and associated consequences. Finally, child sex, behavioral/temperamental difficulties, and family adversity appear to contribute to child screen use and its consequences and should be considered in future research. Suggestions for harm-reduction approaches are discussed.
大多数孩子在能轻松接触到多个屏幕的家庭中长大。0至5岁儿童使用屏幕已成为全球关注的问题。在本叙述性综述中，我们研究了儿童和家长使用屏幕的情况及其对身体、认知和社会发展结果的影响。由于研究大多集中在屏幕媒体的不良后果上，我们旨在描述屏幕使用的负面影响和正面影响。为了更细致地描绘屏幕使用的潜在益处和危害，我们研究了媒体使用的后果如何根据媒体内容（例如，教育性、暴力性）、背景（例如，用餐时使用屏幕）以及儿童屏幕使用的性质（例如，被动使用与主动使用）而有所不同。我们的综述支持现有的屏幕使用时间指南和建议，并表明在临床中应考虑媒体内容、使用背景、儿童使用的性质以及家长自身的屏幕使用情况。未来的研究应致力于阐明这些维度如何共同影响儿童屏幕使用模式及相关后果。最后，儿童的性别、行为/气质方面的困难以及家庭困境似乎会影响儿童屏幕使用及其后果，在未来的研究中应予以考虑。文中还讨论了减少危害方法的建议。
