Western University, London, Canada.
University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Int J Equity Health. 2023 Aug 8;22(1):152. doi: 10.1186/s12939-023-01961-z.
Epidemics impact individuals unevenly across race, gender, and sexuality. In addition to being more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection, evidence suggests racialized gender and sexual minorities experienced disproportionate levels of discrimination and stigma during the COVID-19 epidemic. Drawing on Critical Race Theory (CRT), we examined the experiences of gay, bisexual, queer, and other men who have sex with men (GBQM) of colour facing discrimination during COVID-19.
Engage-COVID-19 is a mixed methods study examining the impact of COVID-19 on GBQM living in Vancouver, Toronto, and Montréal, Canada. We conducted two rounds of qualitative interviews (November 2020 to February 2021, and June to October 2021) with 93 GBQM to explore the evolving impact of COVID-19 on their lives. Transcripts were coded using inductive thematic analysis. Data analysis was conducted using Nvivo software.
Fifty-nine participants identified as Black, Indigenous, and/or a Person of Colour (BIPOC). These GBQM of colour described multiple experiences of discrimination during COVID-19. Although participants did not report experiences of discrimination based on their sexual identity during COVID-19, we found that experiences of racism affected how they were treated within their sexual networks. Experiences of racism were most often reported by East Asian and Black GBQM. These participants faced racism in public and online spaces, primarily in the form of verbal harassment. Several participants were also harassed because they wore face masks. Verbal abuse against GBQM of colour was largely prompted by racist discourses related to COVID-19.
Racism remains a pernicious threat to the well-being of GBQM of colour. CRT highlights the importance of assessing how sexualized and gendered discourses about race shape the experiences of GBQM of colour navigating multiple epidemics like COVID-19 and HIV. These pervasive discourses unevenly affect racial and sexual minorities across multiple epidemics, and negatively impact health outcomes for these populations.
疫情在种族、性别和性取向方面对个人造成的影响并不均衡。除了更容易感染 COVID-19 之外，有证据表明，在 COVID-19 疫情期间，种族化的性别和性少数群体经历了不成比例的歧视和污名。本文借鉴批判种族理论（CRT），研究了在 COVID-19 期间面临歧视的有色人种男同性恋、双性恋、酷儿和其他与男性发生性关系的男性（GBQM）的经历。
Engage-COVID-19 是一项混合方法研究，旨在研究 COVID-19 对加拿大温哥华、多伦多和蒙特利尔的 GBQM 的影响。我们对 93 名 GBQM 进行了两轮定性访谈（2020 年 11 月至 2021 年 2 月，以及 2021 年 6 月至 10 月），以探讨 COVID-19 对他们生活的不断变化的影响。使用归纳主题分析对转录本进行编码。使用 Nvivo 软件进行数据分析。
59 名参与者自认为是黑人、原住民和/或有色人种（BIPOC）。这些有色人种的 GBQM 描述了在 COVID-19 期间遭受的多种歧视经历。尽管参与者在 COVID-19 期间没有报告基于性身份的歧视经历，但我们发现种族主义经历会影响他们在性网络中的待遇。种族主义经历最常被东亚和黑人 GBQM 报告。这些参与者在公共和在线空间中遭受种族主义，主要形式是言语骚扰。一些参与者还因戴口罩而受到骚扰。针对有色人种的 GBQM 的辱骂主要是由与 COVID-19 相关的种族主义言论引发的。
种族主义仍然是有色人种的 GBQM 福祉的一个严重威胁。CRT 强调了评估关于种族的性别和性别化话语如何塑造 GBQM 有色人种在 COVID-19 和 HIV 等多种流行病中导航的重要性。这些普遍存在的话语在多个流行病中对种族和性少数群体产生了不均衡的影响，并对这些人群的健康结果产生了负面影响。
