Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
Arch Anim Nutr. 2023 Aug;77(4):290-307. doi: 10.1080/1745039X.2023.2241338. Epub 2023 Aug 8.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of substitution of soybean meal (SBM) for formaldehyde-treated sesame meal (FTSM) on nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal and blood parameters and milk production and composition in lactating Murciano-Granadina goats. Forty lactating goats were randomly assigned to one of the following four treatments: (1) diet with 16.5% CP, containing SBM (CON); (2) diet with 16.5% CP, containing untreated SM (USM); (3) diet with 16.5% CP, containing FTSM (FT); and (4) diet with 14.5% CP containing FTSM (LPFT). The results showed that nutrient intake was highest in the FT group ( < 0.001), while it was similar between the CON and LPFT groups, except for the intake of CP, which was higher in the CON group. The FT and LPFT had lower ruminal pH compared to CON and USM groups ( < 0.001), with goats in group FT having the highest volatile fatty acids (VFA) production ( < 0.001). The highest propionate concentration was observed in the LPFT treatment ( < 0.001), followed by the FT, CON, and USM treatments. Goats offered USM and LPFT treatments presented the highest and lowest acetate: propionate values, respectively, among the experimental groups ( < 0.001). The results also showed that LPFT goats had the lowest blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level ( = 0.004), while FT goats presented a lower non-esterified FA (NEFA) level compared with CON and LPFT goats ( = 0.01). Goats offered the FT diet had the highest milk yield ( = 0.002) and energy-corrected milk yield ( < 0.001) among all dietary groups. The highest milk fat ( < 0.001), protein ( = 0.001), lactose ( = 0.007), total solids ( = 0.003), and solids-not-fat (SNF) ( = 0.003) contents were observed in FT goats, which didn't differ from USM goats. The inclusion of formaldehyde-treated SM increased the percentage of C18:3 ( < 0.001) and C20:1 ( = 0.04) FAs compared with USM and CON treatments. Milk from USM, FT, and LPFT goats had lower levels of saturated ( < 0.001) and medium-chain FAs ( = 0.014) compared with CON goats, whereas milk from CON goats had lower levels of unsaturated, monounsaturated, and long-chain FAs compared to other groups ( < 0.001). The lowest and the highest concentrations of polyunsaturated FAs were observed in CON and LPFT goats, respectively ( = 0.001). It can be concluded that SBM can be advantageously replaced by formaldehyde-treated SM in the diet as a feasible alternative to improve feed intake and production performance of dairy goats.
本研究旨在评估用甲醛处理的芝麻粕（FTSM）替代豆粕（SBM）对泌乳期默西亚-格拉纳达羊的养分摄入和消化率、瘤胃和血液参数以及产奶量和组成的影响。40 头泌乳期母羊被随机分为以下 4 种处理之一：（1）CP 为 16.5%，含 SBM（CON）；（2）CP 为 16.5%，含未处理的 SM（USM）；（3）CP 为 16.5%，含 FTSM（FT）；（4）CP 为 14.5%，含 FTSM（LPFT）。结果表明，FT 组的养分摄入量最高（ < 0.001），而 CON 和 LPFT 组之间的摄入量相似，除 CP 外，CON 组的 CP 摄入量较高。与 CON 和 USM 组相比，FT 和 LPFT 组的瘤胃 pH 值较低（ < 0.001），FT 组的挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）产量最高（ < 0.001）。LPFT 组的丙酸浓度最高（ < 0.001），其次是 FT、CON 和 USM 组。接受 USM 和 LPFT 处理的山羊分别表现出实验各组中最高和最低的乙酸：丙酸值（ < 0.001）。结果还表明，LPFT 组的血尿素氮（BUN）水平最低（ = 0.004），而 FT 组的非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）水平低于 CON 和 LPFT 组（ = 0.01）。接受 FT 饮食的山羊的产奶量（ = 0.002）和能量校正奶产量（ < 0.001）均高于所有饲粮组。FT 组的乳脂（ < 0.001）、蛋白质（ = 0.001）、乳糖（ = 0.007）、总固体（ = 0.003）和非脂固体（SNF）（ = 0.003）含量最高，与 USM 组无差异。与 USM 和 CON 组相比，添加甲醛处理的 SM 增加了 C18:3（ < 0.001）和 C20:1（ = 0.04）的百分比。与 CON 组相比，USM、FT 和 LPFT 组的牛奶中饱和脂肪酸（ < 0.001）和中链脂肪酸（ = 0.014）含量较低，而 CON 组的不饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和长链脂肪酸含量较低（ < 0.001）。CON 和 LPFT 组的多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）浓度最低和最高（ = 0.001）。可以得出结论，用甲醛处理的芝麻粕可以作为一种可行的替代物，有利地替代饲粮中的豆粕，以提高奶山羊的采食量和生产性能。
