阴道痉挛管理的性健康服务内容：一项定性研究。
Component of sexual health services for vaginismus management: A qualitative study.
机构信息
Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2023 Aug 9;18(8):e0283732. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283732. eCollection 2023.
BACKGROUND
Provision of sexual health services requires gender-sensitive management, facilities, and staff, as well as planning for gender-sensitive caregivers and education. Couples suffering from vaginismus face many types of barriers to accessing sexual health services. This qualitative study was conducted to explain the needs of sexual health services in women with primary vaginismus in Iran.
METHODS
This qualitative study was conducted through the participation of 20 participants including service providers, women with vaginismus and their husbands in 2022, Iran. The samples were selected using purposive sampling method and considering the maximum variation. For data collection, in-depth semi-structured individual interviews were conducted and continued until data saturation was reached. The collected data were analyzed in MAXQDA10 software using conventional content analysis approach based on the criteria proposed by Graneheim and Lundman.
RESULTS
Data analysis led to the emergence of three main themes: 1) Comprehensive preventive sex education which included the three categories of sex education in the education system, premarital sex education through the health system, and sex education through the media with scientific content; 2) Efficient sexual health clinics which included three categories of therapist's skills, empowerment of sexual therapist, and structural features of sexual health clinics and cultural considerations in establishing sexual health clinics; and 3) Protocol for management and treatment of sexual problems which consisted of sexual education and counseling content, treatment requirements, and sex education approaches.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the study, comprehensive preventive sex education through the education system and the Ministry of Health can improve the attitudes of adolescents and young people. Moreover, it can take a fundamental step in solving sexual problems by providing the infrastructure necessary for the establishment of efficient sexual health clinics and protocols required to manage and treat such problems.
背景
提供性健康服务需要对性别问题有敏感认识的管理、设施和工作人员，以及对有性别问题敏感认识的照护人员和教育规划。患有阴道痉挛的夫妇在获得性健康服务方面面临许多障碍。本定性研究旨在解释伊朗原发性阴道痉挛女性对性健康服务的需求。
方法
本定性研究于 2022 年在伊朗通过参与服务提供者、阴道痉挛女性及其丈夫的 20 名参与者进行。采用目的抽样法选择样本，并考虑最大变异。为了收集数据，采用深入的半结构式个人访谈进行，并持续进行，直到达到数据饱和。使用 MAXQDA10 软件对收集到的数据进行分析，采用基于 Graneheim 和 Lundman 提出的标准的常规内容分析方法。
结果
数据分析产生了三个主题：1）全面的预防性性教育，包括教育系统中的性教育、通过卫生系统进行的婚前性教育以及具有科学内容的媒体性教育；2）高效的性健康诊所，包括治疗师技能、性治疗师赋权以及性健康诊所的结构特征和建立性健康诊所时的文化考虑；3）管理和治疗性问题的方案，包括性教育和咨询内容、治疗要求以及性教育方法。
结论
根据研究结果，通过教育系统和卫生部进行全面的预防性性教育，可以改善青少年和年轻人的态度。此外，通过提供建立高效性健康诊所所需的基础设施和管理和治疗此类问题所需的方案，可以为解决性问题迈出根本性的一步。
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