Jain Yogesh Kumar, Bhardwaj Pankaj, Joshi Nitin Kumar, Gupta Manoj Kumar, Goel Akhil Dhanesh, Sharma Prem Prakash
PhD Scholar, Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
Addict Health. 2023 Jan;15(1):53-62. doi: 10.34172/ahj.2023.1420. Epub 2023 Jan 29.
Due to the staggering number of tobacco users in India, it is important to determine the exact mortality and morbidity rates due to tobacco use. This study aimed to estimate deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and years of life lost (YLLs) attributable to cigarettes, bidis, and smokeless tobacco (SLT) in India.
Data pooling and meta-analysis were done using case-control studies available on the three types of tobacco products. Health burden was estimated by applying the population attributable fraction (PAF) value to the total disease burden.
A total of 33 studies were included. PAF was calculated for oral and lung cancer as well as ischemic heart disease (IHD) due to cigarettes, oral and lung cancer, IHD, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to bidi, and oral and stomach cancer and IHD due to SLT. Cigarettes resulted in 8.4 million DALYs, 8.26 million YLLs, and 341 deaths; bidis led to 11.7 million DALYs, 10.7 million YLLs, and 478 thousand deaths, and SLTs accounted for 4.38 million DALYs, 4.3 million YLLs, and 171 thousand deaths annually.
Evidence of measurable health burden and methodology for calculation for individual states was provided in the study. The generated evidence could be utilized for policy recommendations and revision of the existing taxation norms.
由于印度烟草使用者数量惊人，确定烟草使用导致的准确死亡率和发病率很重要。本研究旨在估计印度因香烟、比迪烟和无烟烟草导致的死亡、伤残调整生命年（DALYs）和生命损失年数（YLLs）。
使用三种烟草产品的病例对照研究进行数据汇总和荟萃分析。通过将人群归因分数（PAF）值应用于总疾病负担来估计健康负担。
共纳入33项研究。计算了因香烟导致的口腔癌和肺癌以及缺血性心脏病（IHD）、因比迪烟导致的口腔癌和肺癌、IHD和慢性阻塞性肺疾病、因无烟烟草导致的口腔癌和胃癌以及IHD的PAF。香烟导致840万伤残调整生命年、826万生命损失年和341例死亡；比迪烟导致1170万伤残调整生命年、1070万生命损失年和47.8万例死亡，无烟烟草每年导致438万伤残调整生命年、430万生命损失年和17.1万例死亡。
该研究提供了可衡量的健康负担证据以及针对各个邦的计算方法。所产生的证据可用于政策建议和现有税收规范的修订。
