Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation (HPER), University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Department of Vocational and Technical Education (VOTEC), University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
PLoS One. 2023 Aug 10;18(8):e0288685. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288685. eCollection 2023.
Nutrition is sturdily and rapidly becoming the foremost determinant of health in today's Sars-Cov-2 and climate change ravaged world. While safe food sustains life, contamination obliterates its values and could result in death and short to long term morbidity. The purpose of this scoping review is to explore food contamination in Ghana, between 2001-2022. Using Arksey and O'Malley's procedure, a systematic literature search from PubMed, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Scopus, Emeralds Insight, Google Scholar, and Google was carried out. Following the inclusion criteria, 40 published and grey literature were covered in this review. The review revealed the following: Studies on food contamination involving Greater Accra, Ashanti, Central, and Eastern Regions alone account for over 50% of the total number of such studies conducted in Ghana; regulators failed in enforcing regulations, monitoring and supervision; managers failed to provide adequate infrastructure and facilities. The most common food safety risks of public health concern are: i) micro-organisms (E. coli/faecal coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, Bacillus cereus, and Viral hepatitis); ii) drugs (Amoxicillin, Chlortetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, Danofloxacin, and Doxycycline) and; iii) chemicals (Chlorpyrifos). Salad, vegetables, sliced mango, meat pie, and snail khebab are of high public health risks. The following deductions were made from the review: Highly contaminated food results in death, short to long term morbidity, economic loss, and threatens to displace Ghana's efforts at achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2. Thus, Government must resource key regulatory bodies to enhance their operational capacity, regulators must foster collaboration in monitoring and supervision of food vendors, and managers of food service outlets must provide adequate facilities to engender food safety culture.
营养在当今的 SARS-CoV-2 和气候变化肆虐的世界中迅速成为健康的首要决定因素。安全的食物维持生命，而污染则破坏了其价值，可能导致死亡和短期到长期的发病。本范围综述的目的是探索 2001 年至 2022 年期间加纳的食物污染情况。使用 Arksey 和 O'Malley 的程序，从 PubMed、JSTOR、ScienceDirect、ProQuest、Scopus、Emeralds Insight、Google Scholar 和 Google 进行了系统的文献搜索。根据纳入标准，本综述涵盖了 40 篇已发表和灰色文献。综述结果显示：仅涉及大阿克拉、阿散蒂、中部和东部地区的食物污染研究占加纳此类研究总数的 50%以上；监管机构未能执行法规、监测和监督；管理人员未能提供足够的基础设施和设施。最常见的公众健康关注的食品安全风险是：i）微生物（大肠杆菌/粪便大肠菌群、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌和病毒性肝炎）；ii）药物（阿莫西林、金霉素、环丙沙星、达氟沙星和强力霉素）和；iii）化学品（毒死蜱）。沙拉、蔬菜、切片芒果、肉馅派和蜗牛串是高公共卫生风险的食品。从综述中得出以下结论：高度污染的食物会导致死亡、短期到长期发病、经济损失，并威胁到加纳实现可持续发展目标（SDG）2 的努力。因此，政府必须为关键监管机构提供资源，以增强其运营能力，监管机构必须促进在监测和监督食品供应商方面的合作，食品服务场所的管理人员必须提供足够的设施，以培养食品安全文化。
