Marine Biology Department, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77554, USA.
Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2023 Aug 1;154(2):863-873. doi: 10.1121/10.0020581.
The larval and post-larval forms of many marine organisms, such as oysters, crabs, lobster, coral, and fish, utilize ambient acoustic cues to orient, settle, or metamorphose. In this study, the effect of anthropogenic and ambient sounds on the orientation behavior of four larval estuarine fishes was examined in a controlled, laboratory experiment. Pre-settlement size red drum Sciaenops ocellatus, southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma, spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus, and Florida blenny Chasmodes saburrae larvae were exposed to four sound treatments-control, estuarine soundscape, seismic airguns, and large-ship passage-in a linear acoustic chamber. Initial significant (p < 0.05) avoidance of airguns was observed in three of the four species (all but the Florida blenny), but habituation to this sound occurred as the experiment progressed. All species avoided ship passage sounds; however, the avoidance behavior was not significant. Interestingly, none of the species studied were significantly attracted to the acoustic cues alone of the estuarine soundscape; in fact, three of the four species spent less time near the speaker when it was broadcast. These results suggest that larval fish can potentially habituate to anthropogenic noise relatively quickly (<10 min). Understanding how sounds affect larval behavior is necessary because successful recruitment ultimately affects a population's success.
许多海洋生物的幼虫和后期幼虫形式，如牡蛎、螃蟹、龙虾、珊瑚和鱼类，利用环境声线索来定向、沉降或变态。在这项研究中，在受控的实验室实验中检查了人为和环境声音对四种幼体河口鱼类定向行为的影响。在一个线性声室中，预先安置的大小红鼓 Sciaenops ocellatus、南方比目鱼 Paralichthys lethostigma、斑点石斑鱼 Cynoscion nebulosus 和佛罗里达鳚 Chasmodes saburrae 幼虫暴露于四种声音处理方法 - 对照、河口声景、地震空气枪和大型船舶通过。在四个物种中的三个（除了佛罗里达鳚外）观察到对空气枪的初始显著（p<0.05）回避，但随着实验的进行，对这种声音的习惯发生了。所有物种都避免了船舶通过的声音；然而，这种回避行为并不显著。有趣的是，研究的物种中没有一个明显被河口声景的单独声线索所吸引；事实上，四个物种中的三个在扬声器播放时在扬声器附近花费的时间更少。这些结果表明，幼虫鱼类可以相对较快（<10 分钟）适应人为噪声。了解声音如何影响幼虫行为是必要的，因为成功的招募最终会影响一个种群的成功。
