Alicki Robert, Šindelka Milan, Gelbwaser-Klimovsky David
International Centre for Theory of Quantum Technologies (ICTQT), University of Gdańsk, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 18200 Prague, Czech Republic.
Phys Rev Lett. 2023 Jul 28;131(4):040401. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.040401.
We consider the dynamics of a quantum system immersed in a dilute gas at thermodynamic equilibrium using a quantum Markovian master equation derived by applying the low-density limit technique. It is shown that the Gibbs state at the bath temperature is always stationary while the detailed balance condition at this state can be violated beyond the Born approximation. This violation is generically related to the absence of time-reversal symmetry for the scattering T matrix, which produces a thermalization mechanism that allows the presence of persistent probability and heat currents at thermal equilibrium. This phenomenon is illustrated by a model of an electron hopping between three quantum dots in an external magnetic field.
我们使用通过应用低密度极限技术推导的量子马尔可夫主方程，来考虑处于热力学平衡的稀薄气体中的量子系统的动力学。结果表明，浴温下的吉布斯态始终是稳态的，而在此态下的细致平衡条件在超出玻恩近似时可能会被违反。这种违反通常与散射T矩阵缺乏时间反演对称性有关，这产生了一种热化机制，使得在热平衡时存在持续的概率和热流。通过一个电子在外部磁场中三个量子点之间跳跃的模型来说明这一现象。
