Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar.
Institute of Education, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
Compr Psychiatry. 2023 Oct;126:152409. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152409. Epub 2023 Jul 27.
Only a few studies have investigated the relationship between risk for gambling disorder (GD) and mentalization difficulties. However, these results on positive correlations were all from cross-sectional studies; therefore, it would be important to investigate the longitudinal relationship between the constructs.
It was aimed to identify subgroups of gamblers with different joint growth trajectories of risk for GD and hypomentalization (i.e., uncertainty of understanding own and others' mental states) and to compare the identified latent classes along impulsivity, sensation seeking and depression.
Data from waves 1-3 of the Budapest Longitudinal Study were used. The final sample included 219 young adult gamblers who completed the study questionnaire and reported past-year gambling in all three waves (Females: N = 93 [42.29%]; Mean age: 28.36 years [SD = 4.29]). Standardized questionnaires were administered to measure the main constructs.
A four-class model was retained based on latent class growth analysis. Class 1 had consistently moderately high risk for GD and hypomentalization, and Class 4 presented consistently low risk for GD and hypomentalization. Classes 2-3 were characterized by low risk for GD and increasing hypomentalization. Class 1 had significantly higher sensation seeking and depression compared with the other subgroups in multiple cases. Class 4 showed significantly lower impulsivity and sensation seeking than the other classes.
Elevated hypomentalization was presented among individuals with risk for GD. However, there is little empirical evidence to support that the two constructs have convergently changing trajectories. A cautious interpretation of the results is recommended due to low symptom presence.
只有少数研究调查了赌博障碍（GD）风险与心理化困难之间的关系。然而，这些关于正相关的结果均来自横断面研究；因此，研究这些结构之间的纵向关系将非常重要。
旨在确定具有不同 GD 风险和心理化程度（即对自身和他人心理状态的理解的不确定性）联合增长轨迹的赌徒亚组，并比较所确定的潜在类别在冲动性、感觉寻求和抑郁方面的差异。
使用布达佩斯纵向研究的第 1-3 波数据。最终样本包括 219 名年轻成年赌徒，他们在所有三波中完成了研究问卷并报告了过去一年的赌博情况（女性：N=93 [42.29%]；平均年龄：28.36 岁 [SD=4.29]）。标准问卷用于测量主要结构。
基于潜在类别增长分析，保留了一个四类别模型。类别 1 始终具有中度高的 GD 和心理化程度低的风险，而类别 4 始终具有 GD 和心理化程度低的风险。类别 2-3 的特点是 GD 风险低且心理化程度逐渐增加。类别 1 在多个情况下比其他亚组具有更高的感觉寻求和抑郁。类别 4 表现出比其他类别更低的冲动性和感觉寻求。
GD 风险个体存在较高的心理化程度降低。然而，由于症状存在较少，几乎没有实证证据支持这两个结构具有趋同的变化轨迹。建议对结果进行谨慎解释。
