Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kufa, Kufa 54002, Iraq.
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
Asian J Psychiatr. 2023 Oct;88:103723. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103723. Epub 2023 Aug 6.
This study examines whether activation of the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway is associated with anxiety symptoms due to Long COVID. We selected 90 participants, 60 Long COVID patients and 30 individuals without any symptoms following acute COVID-19 infection. Using cluster analysis and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale (HAMA) score, the pure HAMA anxiety score, serum tryptophan (TRP) and kynurenine (KYN), the KYN/TRP ratio (all measured during Long COVID), and oxygen saturation (SpO2) (measured during the acute phase of COVID-19), we were able to classify Long COVID patients into two distinct clusters with an adequate silhouette cohesion and separation index (0.58): cluster 1 (n = 61) and cluster 2 (n = 29). Cluster 2 patients had lower SpO2 and TRP levels, as well as higher KYN, KYN/TRP ratio, and HAMA scores than cluster 1. Regression analysis revealed that the KYN/TRP ratio explained 14.4 % of the variance in the HAMA score (F = 14.81, df = 1/88, p = 0.001). In addition, regression analysis revealed that SpO2 partially explained the variance in serum TRP (r = 0.396, p = 0.005), KYN/TRP ratio (r = - 0.248, p = 0.018), and the HAMA score (r = - 0.279, p = 0.008). The current data imply that decreased SpO2 during the acute phase of COVID-19 infection is predictive of anxiety caused by Long COVID. Our data reveal that around 32 % of Long COVID patients have elevated IDO activity in association with elevated anxiety.
本研究旨在探讨色氨酸分解代谢产物（TRYCAT）通路的激活是否与 Long COVID 引起的焦虑症状有关。我们选择了 90 名参与者，其中 60 名为 Long COVID 患者，30 名为急性 COVID-19 感染后无任何症状的个体。通过聚类分析和汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评分、纯 HAMA 焦虑评分、血清色氨酸（TRP）和犬尿氨酸（KYN）、KYN/TRP 比值（均在 Long COVID 期间测量）和血氧饱和度（SpO2）（在 COVID-19 急性期间测量），我们能够将 Long COVID 患者分为两个具有足够轮廓凝聚和分离指数（0.58）的不同聚类：聚类 1（n=61）和聚类 2（n=29）。与聚类 1 相比，聚类 2 患者的 SpO2 和 TRP 水平较低，KYN、KYN/TRP 比值和 HAMA 评分较高。回归分析表明，KYN/TRP 比值解释了 HAMA 评分变异的 14.4%（F=14.81，df=1/88，p=0.001）。此外，回归分析表明，SpO2 部分解释了血清 TRP（r=0.396，p=0.005）、KYN/TRP 比值（r=-0.248，p=0.018）和 HAMA 评分（r=-0.279，p=0.008）的变异。目前的数据表明，COVID-19 感染急性期 SpO2 降低可预测 Long COVID 引起的焦虑。我们的数据表明，大约 32%的 Long COVID 患者存在 IDO 活性升高，与焦虑升高有关。
