Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA.
Plant Sci. 2023 Oct;335:111818. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111818. Epub 2023 Aug 9.
The root system of plants consists of primary, lateral, and adventitious roots (ARs) (aka shoot-born roots). ARs arise from stem- or leaf-derived cells during post-embryonic development. Adventitious root development (ARD) through stem cuttings is the first requirement for successful establishment and growth of planted trees; however, the details of the molecular mechanisms underlying ARD are poorly understood. This knowledge is important to both basic plant biology and because of its necessary role in the successful propagation of superior cultivars of commercial woody bioenergy crops, like poplar. In this review article, the molecular mechanisms that control both endogenous (auxin) and environmentally (nutrients and microbes) regulated ARD and how these systems interact to control the rooting efficiency of poplar trees are described. Then, potential future studies in employing integrated systems biology approaches at cellular resolutions are proposed to more precisely identify the molecular mechanisms that cause AR. Using genetic transformation and genome editing approaches, this information can be used for improving ARD in economically important plants for which clonal propagation is a requirement.
植物的根系由初生根、侧根和不定根（AR）（又名茎生根）组成。AR 是在胚胎后期发育过程中由茎或叶衍生细胞产生的。通过茎切段进行不定根发育（ARD）是成功建立和生长种植树木的首要要求；然而，ARD 的分子机制细节还知之甚少。这一知识对于基础植物生物学很重要，因为它在成功繁殖商业木质生物能源作物（如杨树）的优良品种方面起着必要的作用。在这篇综述文章中，描述了控制内源性（生长素）和环境（养分和微生物）调节的 ARD 的分子机制，以及这些系统如何相互作用来控制杨树的生根效率。然后，提出了在细胞分辨率水平上采用集成系统生物学方法的潜在未来研究，以更准确地确定导致 AR 的分子机制。利用遗传转化和基因组编辑方法，可以将这些信息用于改善经济上重要的植物的 ARD，这些植物需要克隆繁殖。
