Non-Contact and Self-Calibrated Photopyroelectric Method for Complete Thermal Characterization of Porous Materials.

A general theory of a photopyroelectric (PPE) configuration, based on an opaque sample and transparent pyroelectric sensor, backing and coupling fluids is developed. A combined back-front detection investigation, based on a frequency scan of the phase of the PPE signals, followed by a self-normalization of the phases' behavior, leads to the possibility of simultaneously measuring both thermal effusivity and diffusivity of a solid sample. A particular case of this configuration, with no coupling fluid at the sample/backing interface and air instead of coupling fluid at the sample/sensor interface (non-contact method) is suitable for simultaneous measurement ofboth thermal diffusivity and effusivity (in fact complete thermal characterization) of porous solids. Compared with the already proposed configurations for investigations of porous materials, this novel configuration makes use of a fitting procedure with only one fitting parameter, in order to guarantee the uniqueness of the solution. The porous solids belong to a class of materials which are by far not easy to be investigated using PPE. To the best of our knowledge, porous materials represent the only type of compounds, belonging to condensed matter, which were not taken into consideration (until recently) as potential samples for PPE calorimetric investigations. Consequently, the method proposed in this paper complete the area of applications of the PPE method. Applications on some porous building materials and cellulose-based samples validate the theory.