Prachumchai Rittikeard, Cherdthong Anusorn
Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Jul 26;13(15):2416. doi: 10.3390/ani13152416.
Currently, the scarcity of high-quality, expensive animal feed is a primary factor driving up the cost of animal husbandry. As a result, most researchers have focused on improving the potential of using alternative feed resources derived from the black soldier fly larva. In particular, the utilization of oil from black fly larvae is a byproduct of the industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of black soldier fly larva oils and the proportion of roughage-to-concentrate ratios on gas kinetics, rumen characteristics, degradability, and mitigate CH production by using in vitro gas production techniques. The in vitro investigation used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. The level of R:C ratios (60:40 and 40:60) were factor A, while BSFO levels (0, 2, 4, and 6% of DM) were factor B. Under this investigation, the combined impact of R:C ratio and BSFO on the kinetics of gas and accumulative gas production was found to be significant ( < 0.01). After 4 h of incubation, the pH and ammonia-nitrogen (NH-N) concentration were found to be impacted by the inclusion of BSFO levels at different R:C-ratios ( < 0.01). Moreover, after 4 and 8 h of incubation, supplementing the BSFO at 4% with the level of R:C ratio at 40:60 resulted in a significant reduction in the amount of CH in the rumen ( < 0.05). However, the inclusion of BSFO levels at different R:C ratios had no effect on the degradability of DM after 12 and 24 h of incubation ( > 0.05), whereas increasing the concentration of BSFO in concentrate at 6% reduced the DM degradability after 24 h of incubation ( < 0.05). Furthermore, adding BSFO to the diet at various R:C ratios enhanced the propionate (C3) concentration, with the highest level observed with the level of R:C ratio at 40:60 and 4% BSFO inclusion ( < 0.05). To summarize, the addition of BSFO at 4% with a 40:60 of R:C ratio increased C3 levels, decreased CH emission, and preserved DM degradability. A R:C ratio of 40:60 could improve the total volatile fatty acids and digestibility. Moreover, the inclusion of 6% BSFO at different R:C ratios lowered the in vitro dry matter digestibility, in vitro organic matter digestibility, NH-N, and protozoal populations.
目前，优质但昂贵的动物饲料短缺是推动畜牧业成本上升的主要因素。因此，大多数研究人员专注于提高利用黑水虻幼虫衍生的替代饲料资源的潜力。特别是，黑水虻幼虫油脂的利用是该行业的一种副产品。本研究的目的是通过体外产气技术研究黑水虻幼虫油脂和粗精比比例对气体动力学、瘤胃特征、降解率以及减少甲烷产生的影响。体外研究采用完全随机设计（CRD），采用2×4析因安排。粗精比水平（60:40和40:60）为因素A，而黑水虻幼虫油脂水平（占干物质的0%、2%、4%和6%）为因素B。在本研究中，发现粗精比和黑水虻幼虫油脂对气体动力学和累积产气量的综合影响显著（P<0.01）。培养4小时后，发现不同粗精比下黑水虻幼虫油脂水平的添加会影响pH值和氨氮（NH₃-N）浓度（P<0.01）。此外，在培养4小时和8小时后，以40:60的粗精比添加4%的黑水虻幼虫油脂可显著降低瘤胃中甲烷的含量（P<0.05）。然而，在培养12小时和24小时后，不同粗精比下黑水虻幼虫油脂水平的添加对干物质降解率没有影响（P>0.05），而在精料中增加6%的黑水虻幼虫油脂浓度会降低培养24小时后的干物质降解率（P<0.05）。此外，在不同粗精比的日粮中添加黑水虻幼虫油脂可提高丙酸（C₃）浓度，在粗精比为40:60且添加4%黑水虻幼虫油脂时观察到最高水平（P<0.05）。总之，以40:60的粗精比添加4%的黑水虻幼虫油脂可提高丙酸水平、减少甲烷排放并保持干物质降解率。40:60的粗精比可提高总挥发性脂肪酸和消化率。此外，在不同粗精比下添加6%的黑水虻幼虫油脂会降低体外干物质消化率、体外有机物消化率、氨氮和原生动物数量。
