Loyola-Cruz Miguel Ángel, Fernández-Sánchez Verónica, Durán-Manuel Emilio Mariano, Calzada-Mendoza Claudia Camelia, Castro-Escarpulli Graciela, Quijano-Soriano María Fernanda, Nicolás-Sayago Liliana, Razo-Blanco Hernández Dulce Milagros, Villegas-Castañeda Marcela, Cárdenas-Cantero Alejandro, Cureño-Díaz Mónica Alethia, Paredes-Mendoza Marianela, Cruz-Cruz Clemente, Bello-López Juan Manuel
División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Jul 25;11(15):2118. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11152118.
In Mexico, urogenital gonorrhea (UG) is one of the main sexually transmitted diseases notifiable by health systems around the world. Epidemiological data on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Mexico indicated that UG was "under control" until 2017. However, international epidemiological reports indicate the increase in incidence due to several factors, including an increase during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. These factors suggest that this phenomenon may occur in developing countries, including Mexico. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze national surveillance data on UG from 2003-2019 and the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. An epidemiological study of cases and incidence of UG (2003-2020) was performed in the annual reports issued by the General Directorate Epidemiology in Mexico. Cases and incidence were classified and analyzed by year, sex, age group, and seasons (by temperature). Distribution of UG was carried out using heat maps for the whole country. Ultimately, a seasonal and correlation analysis was performed for UG cases versus temperature. The results showed that the distribution of cases and incidence by sex showed that there was no variation over 14 years. From 2016 onward, a significant increase in UG was observed before the pandemic. During the first year of the pandemic, a significant increase was observed in females aged 24-44 years. A heterogeneous distribution of UG was identified; however, border states were ranked among the top states with elevated incidences and cases. Lastly, the occurrence of UG was associated with temperature, related to summer. The information presented is intended to be useful to promote prevention and to contribute to visualize the distribution of UG over the last 18 years for decision making, and to show one of the consequences of the collapse of epidemiological surveillance of UG during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.
在墨西哥，泌尿生殖系统淋病（UG）是全球卫生系统应报告的主要性传播疾病之一。墨西哥性传播感染（STIs）的流行病学数据表明，直到2017年UG一直处于“可控”状态。然而，国际流行病学报告显示，由于多种因素，包括在新冠疫情大流行的第一年发病率上升，UG发病率有所增加。这些因素表明，这种现象可能在包括墨西哥在内的发展中国家出现。因此，本研究的目的是分析2003年至2019年以及新冠疫情大流行第一年的全国UG监测数据。对墨西哥流行病学总局发布的年度报告中UG的病例和发病率进行了流行病学研究（2003年至2020年）。病例和发病率按年份、性别、年龄组和季节（按温度）进行分类和分析。使用全国热图对UG的分布进行了展示。最终，对UG病例与温度进行了季节性和相关性分析。结果显示，按性别划分的病例和发病率分布表明，14年间没有变化。从2016年起，在疫情大流行之前就观察到UG显著增加。在疫情大流行的第一年，24至44岁女性中观察到显著增加。确定了UG的异质性分布；然而，边境州是发病率和病例数较高的前几名州。最后，UG的发生与温度有关，与夏季相关。所呈现的信息旨在有助于促进预防，并有助于直观展示过去18年UG的分布情况以供决策，同时展示新冠疫情大流行第一年UG流行病学监测崩溃的后果之一。
