Šonka Karel, Feketeová Eva, Nevšímalová Soňa, Horvat Eszter Maurovich, Příhodová Iva, Dostálová Simona, Galušková Karolína, Milata Martin, Bušková Jitka, Susta Marek
Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik and University Hospital of L. Pasteur, Košice, Slovak Republic.
J Sleep Res. 2024 Apr;33(2):e14011. doi: 10.1111/jsr.14011. Epub 2023 Aug 12.
Little attention has been paid to the long-term development of idiopathic hypersomnia symptoms and idiopathic hypersomnia comorbidities. The aim of this study was to describe the general health of patients with idiopathic hypersomnia years after the initial diagnosis, focusing on current subjective hypersomnolence and the presence of its other possible causes. Adult patients diagnosed with idiopathic hypersomnia ≥ 3 years ago at sleep centres in Prague and Kosice were invited to participate in this study. A total of 60 patients were examined (age 47.3 ± SD = 13.2 years, 66.7% women). In all participants, their hypersomnolence could not be explained by any other cause but idiopathic hypersomnia at the time of diagnosis. The mean duration of follow-up was 9.8 + 8.0 years. Fifty patients (83%) reported persisting hypersomnolence, but only 33 (55%) had no other disease that could also explain the patient's excessive daytime sleepiness and/or prolonged sleep. In two patients (3%), the diagnosis in the meantime had changed to narcolepsy type 2, and 15 patients (25%) had developed a disease or diseases potentially causing hypersomnolence since the initial diagnosis. Complete hypersomnolence resolution without stimulant treatment lasting longer than 6 months was reported by 10 patients (17%). To conclude, in a longer interval from the diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia, hypersomnolence may disappear or may theoretically be explained by another newly developed disease, or the diagnosis may be changed to narcolepsy type 2. Thus, after 9.8 years, only 55% of the examined patients with idiopathic hypersomnia had a typical clinical picture of idiopathic hypersomnia without doubts about the cause of the current hypersomnolence.
人们对特发性嗜睡症状和特发性嗜睡合并症的长期发展关注甚少。本研究的目的是描述特发性嗜睡患者在初次诊断数年之后的总体健康状况，重点关注当前的主观嗜睡情况及其其他可能的病因。邀请了≥3年前在布拉格和科希策的睡眠中心被诊断为特发性嗜睡的成年患者参与本研究。共检查了60例患者（年龄47.3±标准差=13.2岁，66.7%为女性）。在所有参与者中，其嗜睡在诊断时无法用任何其他原因解释，只能归因于特发性嗜睡。平均随访时间为9.8±8.0年。50例患者（83%）报告仍存在嗜睡，但只有33例（55%）没有其他可解释患者日间过度嗜睡和/或睡眠延长的疾病。在此期间，有2例患者（3%）的诊断变为2型发作性睡病，自初次诊断以来，有15例患者（25%）患上了可能导致嗜睡的一种或多种疾病。10例患者（17%）报告在未使用兴奋剂治疗的情况下，完全缓解嗜睡症状持续超过6个月。总之，在特发性嗜睡诊断后的较长时间间隔内，嗜睡可能消失，或理论上可由另一种新患疾病解释，或诊断可能变为2型发作性睡病。因此，9.8年后，只有55%接受检查的特发性嗜睡患者具有典型的特发性嗜睡临床表现，且对当前嗜睡的病因不存在疑问。
