Department of Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
Injury. 2023 Aug;54 Suppl 4:110666. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.02.049.
Injuries are a major public health concern and one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Childhood injuries contribute to a major proportion of this burden.
To identify injury hazards within school premises and playgrounds in Karachi, Pakistan.
This observational cross-sectional study took place in 107 public and private schools of Karachi, Pakistan using a self-structured standard injury risk assessment tool. This tool was developed after an extensive literature review, expert consultation, and field visits to a few local schools. Data related to school demographics, administrative data and injury hazards within the school boundaries were collected in schools offering education from nursery to secondary grades (through 10th grade, matriculation). Descriptive analysis were calculated.
Out of 107 schools, only 12 were recording school-related injuries. A quarter (25%) of schools had some type of disaster drill exercises and built-in fire exits. Fire alarms were placed in 10 schools (9%), all of which were private. In 16 schools (15%), students had access to rooftop doors. There were multiple injury hazards in the school playgrounds. More than half of the schools had hazardous playground surfaces, such as slippery, concrete and uneven ground. Over 80% of schools were not supervising the children during playtime and did not have a separate play area for children under 6 years old. In 38 schools (22%), there were multiple injury hazards in the play rides, such as broken equipment, rusted parts, and sharp edges. Moreover, nine schools (7%) had loose nuts, bolts, edges, belts, steps, or rails in their play rides. Inside, almost a quarter (24%, n = 76) of schools did not have proper insulation of electric wires. Protruded metal nails, which could be high risk for prick and cut injuries, were observed in 20% of the observed furniture.
In conclusion, there are multiple injury hazards in the private and public schools of Karachi, Pakistan.
伤害是一个主要的公共卫生问题，也是全球范围内导致死亡和残疾的主要原因之一。儿童伤害在这一负担中占很大比例。
确定巴基斯坦卡拉奇市学校和操场的伤害危险。
本观察性横断面研究在巴基斯坦卡拉奇的 107 所公立和私立学校进行，使用自我结构化的标准伤害风险评估工具。该工具是在广泛的文献回顾、专家咨询和对当地几所学校的实地考察之后开发的。在提供从幼儿园到中学（10 年级，预科）教育的学校中收集了与学校人口统计学、管理数据和学校边界内伤害危险有关的数据。进行了描述性分析。
在 107 所学校中，只有 12 所记录了与学校有关的伤害。四分之一（25%）的学校进行了某种类型的灾害演习和内置消防出口。10 所学校（9%）设有火灾警报器，均为私立学校。在 16 所学校（15%），学生可以进入屋顶门。学校操场存在多种伤害危险。超过一半的学校操场表面危险，如湿滑、混凝土和不平坦的地面。超过 80%的学校在课间休息时没有监督孩子，也没有为 6 岁以下儿童设立单独的游戏区。在 38 所学校（22%），游乐设施存在多种伤害危险，如设备损坏、生锈部件和锋利边缘。此外，9 所学校（7%）的游乐设施有松动的螺母、螺栓、边缘、皮带、台阶或轨道。在室内，近四分之一（24%，n=76）的学校电线没有适当的绝缘。观察到 20%的家具上有突出的金属钉子，这可能会造成刺伤和割伤的高风险。
综上所述，巴基斯坦卡拉奇的私立和公立学校存在多种伤害危险。
