Department of Ophthalmology-Oculoplastic, Rio Hortega University Hospital, Valladolid, Spain.
Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.
Int Ophthalmol. 2023 Nov;43(11):4297-4304. doi: 10.1007/s10792-023-02841-9. Epub 2023 Aug 13.
To analyse the ocularist's perspective on the management of the anophthalmic socket and external ocular prosthesis (EOP).
Ocularists from two countries were invited to participate in an online questionnaire. Data were collected on demographics, anophthalmic socket and EOP management (manufacturing, use, cleaning), complications, follow-up visits and multidisciplinary care. The frequency and proportions of the responses were statistically analysed.
The questionnaire was addressed to 20 Brazilian and 17 Spanish ocularists, obtaining a response rate of 65% and 64.7%, respectively. 62.5% of respondents were men. The most common cause of anophthalmia in Brazil (69.2%) and Spain (36.4%) is an eye disease (chi square: p = 0.188). Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is the most commonly used material in EOP manufacture (chi square: p = 0.448), and 70.8% reported using customized EOPs (chi square: p = 0.069). Deposits are frequently observed in both countries (chi square: p = 0.157). Changing the prosthesis is recommended after 5 to 10 years by Brazilian ocularists, and after less than 5 years of use by Spanish ocularists (81.8%) (chi square: p = 0.041). Annual follow-up is recommended by Spanish ocularists (45.5%), while semestral (38.5%) and case-dependent (38.5%) follow-up is recommended by Brazilian ocularists (chi square: p = 0.267). Daily cleaning is advocated by 61.5% of Brazilian ocularists and once a month by 45.5% of Spanish ocularists (chi square: p = 0.098), with 75% of ocularists from both countries not recommending EOP removal at night (Fisher´s exact test: p = 0.166). Good communication between ocularists and ophthalmologists was reported by 87.5% of our responders (chi square: p = 0.642).
Although there are no unified protocols on the management of EOPs, Brazilian and Spanish ocularists follow similar guidelines. Differences between countries were the patients´ referral and the prosthesis´ useful life.
分析义眼师对无眼窝和义眼（EOP）管理的看法。
邀请来自两个国家的义眼师参与在线问卷调查。收集的数据包括人口统计学、无眼窝和 EOP 管理（制造、使用、清洁）、并发症、随访和多学科护理。对回答的频率和比例进行了统计分析。
该问卷发给了 20 名巴西和 17 名西班牙的义眼师，分别获得了 65%和 64.7%的回复率。62.5%的受访者为男性。巴西（69.2%）和西班牙（36.4%）最常见的无眼原因是眼部疾病（卡方检验：p=0.188）。聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）是 EOP 制造中最常用的材料（卡方检验：p=0.448），70.8%的受访者报告使用定制的 EOP（卡方检验：p=0.069）。两国都经常观察到沉积物（卡方检验：p=0.157）。巴西的义眼师建议每 5 到 10 年更换一次义眼，而西班牙的义眼师则建议在使用不到 5 年的时间内更换（81.8%）（卡方检验：p=0.041）。西班牙的义眼师建议每年进行一次随访（45.5%），而巴西的义眼师则建议每半年（38.5%）和根据情况（38.5%）进行随访（卡方检验：p=0.267）。61.5%的巴西义眼师提倡每天清洁，45.5%的西班牙义眼师提倡每月清洁一次（卡方检验：p=0.098），两国的 75%的义眼师不建议夜间取下 EOP（Fisher 精确检验：p=0.166）。我们的受访者中有 87.5%报告说，义眼师和眼科医生之间的沟通良好（卡方检验：p=0.642）。
尽管 EOP 管理没有统一的方案，但巴西和西班牙的义眼师遵循相似的指南。国家之间的差异在于患者的转诊和义眼的使用寿命。
