Faculty of Business Information Sciences, Jobu University, Isesaki, Japan.
PM R. 2024 Jun;16(6):632-643. doi: 10.1002/pmrj.13054. Epub 2023 Sep 26.
In baseball pitchers, the association of fatigue with overuse injury and decline in pitching performance has been discussed frequently, but the scientific data concerning their interrelationships have been inconsistently reported. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize and explore the evidence regarding acute changes in pitching biomechanics and performance from repetitive throwing motions among baseball pitchers. Muscle fatigue from repetitive throwing not only decreases muscle output but also disturbs the kinetic chain of baseball pitching. In addition, repetitive throwing can impair the proprioceptive and kinesthetic functions needed for accurate joint position sense in the shoulder and elbow. Consequently, these changes negatively affect ball velocity and pitching accuracy, two critical aspects of overall pitching performance. Moreover, the cumulative loading caused by fatigue contributes to the high prevalence of overuse injuries, particularly in the elbow and shoulder joints. Thus it is important to comprehensively understand the relationships among changed pitching mechanics, deteriorated performance, and musculoskeletal injury originating from muscle fatigue due to repetitive pitching.
在棒球投手中，人们经常讨论疲劳与过度使用损伤以及投球表现下降之间的关联，但有关它们相互关系的科学数据报告不一致。本叙述性综述的目的是总结和探讨棒球投手中重复投掷动作引起的投球生物力学和表现的急性变化的证据。由于重复投掷，肌肉疲劳不仅会降低肌肉输出，还会扰乱棒球投球的动力链。此外，重复投掷会损害肩部和肘部进行准确关节位置感所需的本体感觉和动觉功能。因此，这些变化会对球速和投球准确性产生负面影响，而这两个方面是整体投球表现的关键。此外，由于疲劳引起的累积负荷会导致过度使用损伤的高发，尤其是在肘部和肩部关节。因此，全面了解因重复投掷引起的肌肉疲劳导致的投球力学变化、表现恶化和肌肉骨骼损伤之间的关系非常重要。
