Almalki Mohammed E, Almalki Mansour M, AlHarbi Mohammed A, Nmnkany Abdulkareem, Tayib Mona H, Aboul Enein Fatma, Khouj Saleh M
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU.
Department of Cardiology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EGY.
Cureus. 2023 Jul 12;15(7):e41762. doi: 10.7759/cureus.41762. eCollection 2023 Jul.
Mediastinal germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare and aggressive cancers originating from the germ cells in the mediastinum. Early detection and treatment are vital due to their high potential for metastasis and recurrence. We present a case of a 28-year-old man who exhibited a cough and shortness of breath. Laboratory tests revealed elevated tumor markers, alpha-fetoprotein, and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin. Imaging studies displayed a large mediastinal mass, causing the right displacement of the mediastinum and cardiac tamponade. The biopsy confirmed a non-seminomatous GCT, specifically a yolk sac tumor. The patient experienced pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade after receiving two cycles of etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy. To relieve the tamponade, an emergency pericardiocentesis was performed malignant GCTs necessitate prompt diagnosis and treatment and utilizing multimodal therapy such as chemotherapy to achieve tumor control. Due to the high risk of metastasis, vigilant surveillance for recurrence is essential, emphasizing the need for specific criteria for accurate early detection.
纵隔生殖细胞肿瘤（GCTs）是起源于纵隔生殖细胞的罕见且侵袭性癌症。由于其高转移和复发潜力，早期检测和治疗至关重要。我们报告一例28岁男性病例，该患者表现为咳嗽和呼吸急促。实验室检查显示肿瘤标志物甲胎蛋白和β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素升高。影像学研究显示一个大的纵隔肿块，导致纵隔右移和心脏压塞。活检证实为非精原细胞瘤性GCT，具体为卵黄囊瘤。该患者在接受两个周期的依托泊苷和顺铂化疗后出现心包积液和心脏压塞。为缓解压塞，进行了紧急心包穿刺术。恶性GCTs需要及时诊断和治疗，并采用化疗等多模式疗法来实现肿瘤控制。由于转移风险高，对复发进行警惕的监测至关重要，强调需要有准确早期检测的特定标准。
