Malka Sahar, Eizenberg Hanan, Matzrafi Maor
The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Newe-Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai, Israel.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jul 27;14:1222366. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1222366. eCollection 2023.
(Asteraceae) is an invasive weed species that has invaded over 50 countries worldwide. It was first detected in 1980 at Tirat-Zvi, in eastern-northern Israel. In recent years, there has been an increasing concern over the spread of this weed in agricultural and non-agricultural habitats across the country. However, very little is known about the biology of and its variation among populations.
Seeds collected from five locations across Israel were germinated and plants were grown in pollen-proof cages under uniform conditions to produce the progeny populations. Spatial parameters, weight and germination under different environmental conditions were recorded for field and progeny populations.
Seeds originating from field populations were significantly smaller and lighter than seeds of the progeny populations. Germination occurred in the range of 10°C to 30°C ( ranges from 19°C to 22.3°C, ranged from 9°C to 15°C, ranged from 24 to 30.5°C), depending on generation and population. A water potential-based model was developed to estimate germination under different soil water content using specific parameters ( - slope, - upper limit, - infliction point). The model suggests a correlation between germination and water potential. Indeed, reduced germination was recorded for the lower water potentials especially for the progeny populations. Spatial parameters, weight and germination under different environmental conditions were recorded for field and progeny populations.
We identified differences in seed size and weight, germination under different temperatures, and osmotic potential among Israeli populations. Differences across generations may arise due to the transgenerational effects. Our results, may shed light on the germination abilities of populations and provide vital insight into understanding the invasive capabilities of this highly noxious weed.
（菊科植物）是一种入侵性杂草物种，已入侵全球50多个国家。1980年首次在以色列东北部的提拉特 - 兹维被发现。近年来，人们越来越关注这种杂草在该国农业和非农业栖息地的传播。然而，关于其生物学特性及其种群间的变异却知之甚少。
从以色列五个地点收集的种子进行萌发，并将植株在统一条件下种植于防花粉笼中以产生子代种群。记录田间种群和子代种群在不同环境条件下的空间参数、重量和萌发情况。
来自田间种群的种子明显比子代种群的种子更小、更轻。萌发发生在10°C至30°C的范围内（范围为19°C至22.3°C，范围为9°C至15°C，范围为24至30.5°C），这取决于世代和种群。利用特定参数（ - 斜率， - 上限， - 拐点）建立了一个基于水势的模型，以估计不同土壤含水量下的萌发情况。该模型表明萌发与水势之间存在相关性。事实上，较低水势下的萌发率降低，尤其是子代种群。记录了田间种群和子代种群在不同环境条件下的空间参数、重量和萌发情况。
我们确定了以色列种群在种子大小和重量、不同温度下的萌发以及渗透势方面的差异。不同世代间的差异可能是由于跨代效应引起的。我们的结果可能有助于了解该种群的萌发能力，并为理解这种高度有害杂草的入侵能力提供重要见解。
