Zhang Pengfei, Zhang Zhaorui, Xiao Menglin, Chao Jinlong, Dai Yanyan, Liu Geng, Senge Masateru
School of Geography Science Taiyuan Normal University Jinzhong P. R. China.
Institute Research of Carb Neutralization Taiyuan Normal University Taiyuan P. R. China.
Food Sci Nutr. 2023 Jun 1;11(8):4829-4842. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3460. eCollection 2023 Aug.
In the cold zone of China, winter is cold and long and has a short duration of sunshine. Unheated earthen-wall solar greenhouses are used for tomato production in winter in this region. This was an experimental investigation of different organic mulching materials (newspaper, bran, and grass) on the soil temperature, soil moisture, tomato yield, fruit quality, and water use efficiency. Organic mulching variously improved soil temperature, soil moisture, water use efficiency, and tomato yield, which is very important for greenhouse winter cultivation in this cold zone. Organic mulching regulated the soil temperature, with daily soil temperature ranges of bran, newspaper, and grass treatments being 1.6, 1.9, and 2.1°C lower than for bare land, respectively. Compared to bare land, newspaper mulching had little effect on soil temperature and fruit quality, but increased soil moisture (14.1%) and water use efficiency (WUE: WUE, 31.3%; WUE, 30.6%), and greatly increased yield (81.8%) and biomass (82.7%); bran mulching greatly increased soil temperature, moisture (16%), and WUE (WUE, 60.1%; WUE, 44.3%) and increased biomass (30.2%) and yield (17.3%); grass mulching greatly increased soil temperature and moisture (20.9%) and increased biomass (17.9%), yield (11.2%), and WUE (WUE, 20.5%; WUE, 13.6%). In addition, organic mulching had a good water retention effect on soil layer above 30 cm. The total soil water consumption during tomato growth was in the following order: newspaper (103 mm) > bare (74 mm) > grass (73 mm) > bran (60 mm). Soil water consumption mainly occurred in the 0- to 10-cm soil layers.
在中国寒冷地区，冬季寒冷漫长，日照时间短。该地区冬季利用不加温的土墙日光温室进行番茄生产。本研究对不同有机覆盖材料（报纸、麸皮和草料）对土壤温度、土壤湿度、番茄产量、果实品质和水分利用效率的影响进行了试验研究。有机覆盖在不同程度上改善了土壤温度、土壤湿度、水分利用效率和番茄产量，这对于该寒冷地区的温室冬季栽培非常重要。有机覆盖调节了土壤温度，麸皮、报纸和草料处理的日土壤温度范围分别比裸地低1.6、1.9和2.1℃。与裸地相比，报纸覆盖对土壤温度和果实品质影响较小，但增加了土壤湿度（14.1%）和水分利用效率（水分利用效率：水分利用效率，31.3%；水分利用效率，30.6%），并大幅提高了产量（81.8%）和生物量（82.7%）；麸皮覆盖大幅提高了土壤温度、湿度（16%）和水分利用效率（水分利用效率，60.1%；水分利用效率，44.3%），并增加了生物量（30.2%）和产量（17.3%）；草料覆盖大幅提高了土壤温度和湿度（20.9%），并增加了生物量（17.9%）、产量（11.2%）和水分利用效率（水分利用效率，20.5%；水分利用效率，13.6%）。此外，有机覆盖对30厘米以上土层具有良好的保水效果。番茄生长期间的土壤总耗水量顺序为：报纸（103毫米）＞裸地（74毫米）＞草料（73毫米）＞麸皮（60毫米）。土壤耗水主要发生在0至10厘米土层。
