Liu Ying, Su Yanlong, Zhou Zhijie, Zhu Jie, Zhu Qianqian, Xie Peng, Qian Shiquan, Wang Liwei, Qin Tong, Zhou Gang
School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China.
Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai Region, Huaian, China.
Front Vet Sci. 2023 Jul 27;10:1187877. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1187877. eCollection 2023.
The hygiene hypothesis has been advanced as a potential explanation for the increasingly high levels of atopy and allergic disease in the general human population. In an effort to conduct a more detailed study of the link between immune activity and the hygiene hypothesis, Meishan pigs raised under normal captivity (NC) or arch soil free-range (ASF) conditions were selected as an experimental model system. Cytokine levels were found to differ significantly between these two groups consistent with a difference in cellular immune status. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of duodenal tissue samples from Meishan pigs were then performed, leading to the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs), and key pathways that were able to distinguish the NC and ASF groups. This approach led to the identification of 1,113 DEGs, as well as 577 and 372 DAMs in positive and negative ion modes, respectively. When an interaction network incorporating DEGs and metabolites associated with immune responsivity was constructed, it included factors such as 9-cis-Retinoic acid, (9Z,11E)-(13S)-13-Hydroxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid and (10E,12Z)-(9S)-9-Hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid. Functional enrichment analyses confirmed that identified DEGs and DAMs were associated with immune-related pathways including the intestinal IgA production and PPAR signaling pathways. Together, these results offer new insight into the roles that particular genes and metabolites enriched in response to environmental stressors in free-range Meishan pigs may play in the regulation of cellular immunity, thus offering a foundation for future efforts to better understand the immunological mechanisms underlying the hygiene hypothesis.
卫生假说已被提出，作为对普通人群中特应性和过敏性疾病日益高发的一种潜在解释。为了更详细地研究免疫活性与卫生假说之间的联系，选择在正常圈养（NC）或拱土放养（ASF）条件下饲养的梅山猪作为实验模型系统。发现这两组之间的细胞因子水平存在显著差异，这与细胞免疫状态的差异一致。随后对梅山猪十二指肠组织样本进行了转录组和代谢组综合分析，从而鉴定出能够区分NC组和ASF组的差异表达基因（DEG）、差异丰富代谢物（DAM）和关键途径。这种方法分别在正离子和负离子模式下鉴定出1113个DEG，以及577个和372个DAM。当构建一个包含与免疫反应相关的DEG和代谢物的相互作用网络时，它包括9-顺式视黄酸、（9Z，11E）-（13S）-13-羟基十八碳-9，11-二烯酸和（10E，12Z）-（9S）-9-羟基十八碳-10，12-二烯酸等因素。功能富集分析证实，鉴定出的DEG和DAM与包括肠道IgA产生和PPAR信号通路在内的免疫相关途径有关。总之，这些结果为自由放养的梅山猪中因环境应激而富集的特定基因和代谢物在细胞免疫调节中可能发挥的作用提供了新的见解，从而为今后更好地理解卫生假说背后的免疫机制奠定了基础。
