Renu Kaviyarasi, Myakala Haritha, Chakraborty Rituraj, Bhattacharya Sharmishtha, Abuwani Asmita, Lokhandwala Mariyam, Vellingiri Balachandar, Gopalakrishnan Abilash Valsala
Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2023 Dec;37(12):e23502. doi: 10.1002/jbt.23502. Epub 2023 Aug 14.
Alcohol consumption has been linked to numerous negative health outcomes although it has some beneficial effects on moderate dosages, the most severe of which being alcohol-induced hepatitis. The number of people dying from this liver illness has been shown to climb steadily over time, and its prevalence has been increasing. Researchers have found that alcohol consumption primarily affects the brain, leading to a wide range of neurological and psychological diseases. High-alcohol-consumption addicts not only experienced seizures, but also ataxia, aggression, social anxiety, and variceal hemorrhage that ultimately resulted in death, ascites, and schizophrenia. Drugs treating this liver condition are limited and can cause serious side effects like depression. Serine-threonine kinases, cAMP protein kinases, protein kinase C, ERK, RACK 1, Homer 2, and more have all been observed to have their signaling pathways disrupted by alcohol, and alcohol has also been linked to epigenetic changes. In addition, alcohol consumption induces dysbiosis by changing the composition of the microbiome found in the gastrointestinal tract. Although more studies are needed, those that have been done suggest that probiotics aid in keeping the various microbiota concentrations stable. It has been argued that reducing one's alcohol intake may seem less harmful because excessive drinking is a lifestyle disorder.
尽管适量饮酒有一些有益影响，但饮酒已与众多负面健康结果相关联，其中最严重的是酒精性肝炎。事实表明，死于这种肝脏疾病的人数一直随着时间稳步攀升，其患病率也在上升。研究人员发现，饮酒主要影响大脑，会导致多种神经和心理疾病。高酒精摄入量成瘾者不仅会出现癫痫发作，还会出现共济失调、攻击性、社交焦虑以及静脉曲张出血，最终导致死亡、腹水和精神分裂症。治疗这种肝脏疾病的药物有限，且可能会引起如抑郁等严重副作用。丝氨酸 - 苏氨酸激酶、环磷酸腺苷蛋白激酶、蛋白激酶C、细胞外信号调节激酶、活化C激酶1受体、亲代谢型谷氨酸受体2等都被观察到其信号通路被酒精破坏，并且酒精还与表观遗传变化有关。此外，饮酒会通过改变胃肠道中微生物群的组成引发微生物群落失调。尽管还需要更多研究，但已开展的研究表明益生菌有助于保持各种微生物群浓度稳定。有人认为，减少酒精摄入量可能看起来危害较小，因为过度饮酒是一种生活方式紊乱。
